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Vibrational overtones in deeply bound molecules are sensitive probes for variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio $\mu$. In nonpolar molecules, these overtones may be driven as two-photon transitions. Here, we present procedures for…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-01-03 Ryan Carollo , Alexander Frenett , David Hanneke

We propose new experiments with high sensitivity to a possible spatial or temporal variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio $\mu \equiv m_e/m_p$. We consider a nearly-degenerate pair of molecular vibrational levels, where each state…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. DeMille , S. Sainis , J. Sage , T. Bergeman , S. Kotochigova , E. Tiesinga

Numerous accidental near-degeneracies exist between the $2\nu_2$ and $\nu_4$ rotation-vibration energy levels of ammonia. Transitions between these two states possess significantly enhanced sensitivity to a possible variation of the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-08-17 Alec Owens , Sergei N. Yurchenko , Walter Thiel , Vladimir Špirko

Quasi-forbidden electronic transitions in atoms and quasi-degenerate vibronic transitions in molecules serve as powerful probes of hypothetical temporal variations of fundamental constants. Computation of the sensitivity of a transition to…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Carsten Zülch , Konstantin Gaul , Robert Berger

The precise measurement of molecular vibrational transition frequencies is useful in the search for variation in the proton-to-electron mass ratio {\mu}. Homonuclear diatomic molecules are particularly advantageous for precise measurement…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2017-03-01 Masatoshi Kajita

Astrophysical molecular spectroscopy is an important method of searching for new physics through probing the variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, $\mu$, with existing constraints limiting variation to a fractional change of less…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Anna-Maree Syme , Adam Mousley , Maria Cunningham , Laura K McKemmish

Recent observation of several microwave transitions in H2O2 from the interstellar medium [Astron. Astrophys., 531, L8 (2011)] raised interest to this molecule as yet another sensitive probe of the tentative variation of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-10-28 M. G. Kozlov

The mass sensitivity of the vibration-rotation-inversion transitions of H$_3{}^{16}$O$^+$, H$_3{}^{18}$O$^+$, and D$_3{}^{16}$O$^+$ is investigated variationally using the nuclear motion program TROVE~\citep{TROVE:2007}. The calculations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-17 Alec Owens , Sergei N. Yurchenko , Oleg L. Polyansky , Roman I. Ovsyannikov , Walter Thiel , Vladimir Špirko

We propose a precision measurement of time variations of the proton-electron mass ratio using ultracold molecules in an optical lattice. Vibrational energy intervals are sensitive to changes of the mass ratio. In contrast to measurements…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 T. Zelevinsky , S. Kotochigova , J. Ye

We determine the sensitivity to a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio \mu for torsion-wagging-rotation transitions in the ground state of methylamine (CH3NH2). Our calculation uses an effective Hamiltonian based on a…

Molecules with deep vibrational potential wells provide optical intervals sensitive to variation in the proton-electron mass ratio ($\mu$). On one hand, polar molecules are of interest since optical state preparation techniques have been…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-12-05 Mark G. Kokish , Patrick R. Stollenwerk , Masatoshi Kajita , Brian C. Odom

Recently, methanol was identified as a sensitive target system to probe variations of the proton-to-electron mass ratio $\mu$ [Jansen \emph{et al.} Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{106}, 100801 (2011)]. The high sensitivity of methanol originates…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2012-03-07 Paul Jansen , Isabelle Kleiner , Li-Hong Xu , Wim Ubachs , Hendrick L. Bethlem

Experimental techniques to manipulate cold molecules have seen great development in recent years. The precision measurements of cold molecules are expected to give insights into fundamental physics. We use a rovibrationally pure sample of…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-08-26 Jun Kobayashi , Atsushi Ogino , Shin Inouye

We study the sensitivity of the microwave and submillimeter transitions of the isotopologues of hydronium to the variation of the electron-to-proton mass ratio mu. These sensitivities are enhanced for the low frequency mixed…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2011-06-03 M. G. Kozlov , S. G. Porsev , D. Reimers

The Standard Model of particle physics assumes that the so-called fundamental constants are universal and unchanging. Absorption lines arising in molecular clouds along quasar sightlines offer a precise test for variations in the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-18 Michael T. Murphy , Victor V. Flambaum , Sebastien Muller , Christian Henkel

A robust variational approach is used to investigate the sensitivity of the rotation-vibration spectrum of phosphine (PH$_3$) to a possible cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, $\mu$. Whilst the majority of computed…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-17 Alec Owens , Sergei N. Yurchenko , Vladimir Špirko

Ethylene glycol in its ground conformation has tunneling transition with the frequency about 7 GHz. This leads to a rather complicated tunneling-rotational spectrum. Because tunneling and rotational energies have different dependence on the…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-18 A. V. Viatkina , M. G. Kozlov

Recently we reported a high precision optical frequency measurement of the (v,L):(0,2)->(8,3) vibrational overtone transition in trapped deuterated molecular hydrogen (HD+) ions at 10 mK temperature. Achieving a resolution of 0.85…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2017-02-20 J. Biesheuvel , J. -Ph. Karr , L. Hilico , K. S. E. Eikema , W. Ubachs , J. C. J. Koelemeij

A comprehensive study of the mass sensitivity of the vibration-rotation-inversion transitions of $^{14}$NH$_3$, $^{15}$NH$_3$, $^{14}$ND$_3$, and $^{15}$ND$_3$ is carried out variationally using the TROVE approach. Variational calculations…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-25 Alec Owens , Sergei N. Yurchenko , Walter Thiel , Vladimir Špirko

Astrophysical molecular spectroscopy is an important means of searching for new physics through probing the variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio, $\mu$. New molecular probes could provide tighter constraints on the variation of…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Anna-Maree Syme , Laura K. McKemmish
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