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Since the full General Theory of Relativity has been unveiled to the scientific community in 1915, many solutions to the vacuum Einstein field equations have been found and studied. This paper aims at documenting exhaustively the derivation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-18 Onur Uçanok

We investigate the shadow of an exact black hole solution of Einstein's equations recently proposed by Cardoso et al., to describe a supermassive black hole immersed in a dark matter halo. We analyze and discuss the light rings and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-03 Sérgio V. M. C. B. Xavier , Haroldo C. D. Lima Junior , Luís C. B. Crispino

Metric of axially symmetric asymptotically flat black holes in an arbitrary metric theory of gravity can be represented in the general form which depends on infinite number of parameters. We constrain this general class of metrics by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-20 R. A. Konoplya , A. Zhidenko

We present a method for determining the physical parameters of a Kerr-Newman black hole through shadow observation. In a system comprising a Kerr-Newman black hole, an observer, and a light source, the relevant parameters are mass $M$,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-17 Kenta Hioki , Umpei Miyamoto

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has produced images of two supermassive black holes, Messier~87* (M 87*) and Sagittarius~A* (Sgr A*). The EHT collaboration used these images to indirectly constrain black hole parameters by calibrating…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-30 Daniel C. M Palumbo , Zachary Gelles , Paul Tiede , Dominic O. Chang , Dominic W. Pesce , Andrew Chael , Michael D. Johnson

A black hole embedded within a bright, optically thin emitting region imprints a nearly circular "shadow" on its image, corresponding to the observer's line-of-sight into the black hole. The shadow boundary depends on the black hole's mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-09 Joseph R. Farah , Dominic W. Pesce , Michael D. Johnson , Lindy L. Blackburn

Motivated by inclination of the Earth's orbit that is not located at galactic plane for observing the shadow of Sgr A*, we consider the black hole shadow for arbitrary inclinations and different velocities of observers. A surprising finding…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-09-07 Zhe Chang , Qing-Hua Zhu

The general parametrization of a black-hole spacetime in arbitrary metric theories of gravity includes an infinite set of parameters. It is natural to suppose that essential astrophysically observable quantities, such as quasinormal modes,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-06-04 R. A. Konoplya , A. Zhidenko

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration produced the first image of the apparent shadow of the central black hole of Sagittarius\,A$^*$ (\sgra). \sgra source structure varies significantly on timescales shorter than the duration of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-01-26 Braden J. Marazzo-Nowicki , Paul Tiede , Dominic O. Chang , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Michael D. Johnson

The Event Horizon Telescope collaboration has revealed the first direct image of a black hole, as per the shadow of a Kerr black hole of general relativity. However, other Kerr-like rotating black holes of modified gravity theories cannot…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-21 Misba Afrin , Sushant G. Ghosh

The ring-like images of the two supermassive black holes captured by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provide powerful probes of the physics of accretion flows at horizon scales. Specifically, the brightness asymmetry in the images carries…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-24 J. Cole Faggert , Feryal Özel , Dimitrios Psaltis

Symmergent gravity is the $R+R^2$ gravity theory which emerges in a way restoring gauge symmetries broken explicitly by the ultraviolet cutoff in effective field theories. To test symmergent gravity we construct novel black hole solutions…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-09 İrfan Çimdiker , Durmuş Demir , Ali Övgün

Recently, new exploratory channels have opened up for the physics of highly compact objects, such as gravitational waves and black hole shadows. Moreover, more precise analysis and observations are now possible in the physics of accretion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-01 D. Pugliese , H. Quevedo

The motion of photons around black holes determines the shape of shadow and match the ringdown properties of a perturbed black hole. Observations of shadows and ringdown waveforms will reveal the nature of black holes. In this paper, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-29 Song Li , Ahmadjon A. Abdujabbarov , Wen-Biao Han

The advent of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a millimeter-wave very-long baseline interferometric array, has enabled spatially-resolved studies of the sub-horizon-scale structure for a handful of supermassive black holes. Among these,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-03-05 Avery E. Broderick , Tim Johannsen , Abraham Loeb , Dimitrios Psaltis

In 4-dimensional General Relativity, black holes are described by the Kerr solution and are completely specified by their mass $M$ and by their spin angular momentum $J$. A fundamental limit for a black hole in General Relativity is the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-04-13 Cosimo Bambi

It has been proposed that Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at sub-millimeter waves will allow us to image the shadow of the black hole in the center of our Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), and thereby test basic predictions of…

In a recent work on rotating black hole shadows [Phys. Rev. D{\bf 101}, 084029 (2020)], we proposed a new approach for calculating size and shape of the shadows in terms of astrometrical observables with respect to finite-distance…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-08-11 Zhe Chang , Qing-Hua Zhu

The theory of higher derivative gravity is proposed to solve the non-renormalizable problem in quantum gravity.In this article, We use two numerical methods to fit another static spherically symmetric black hole besides the Schwarzschild…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-09 Jin-Bo He

We present a fully analytical method for calculating the key parameters of a Kerr-like gravitational shadow, including its horizontal and vertical diameters, $D_X$ and $D_Y$, the coordinates of its center $X_{C}$, the average radius…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-16 Kirill Kobialko , Dmitri Gal'tsov
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