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Mutation testing is a means to assess the effectiveness of a test suite and its outcome is considered more meaningful than code coverage metrics. However, despite several optimizations, mutation testing requires a significant computational…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Rainer Niedermayr , Stefan Wagner

Fault localization has been determined as a major resource factor in the software development life cycle. Academic fault localization techniques are mostly unknown and unused in professional environments. Although manual debugging…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Thomas Hirsch

Metamorphic testing (MT) is widely used for testing programs that face the oracle problem. It uses a set of metamorphic relations (MRs), which are relations among multiple inputs and their corresponding outputs to determine whether the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Madhusudan Srinivasan , Upulee Kanewala

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

Mutation testing is a well-established technique for assessing a test suite's quality by injecting artificial faults into production code. In recent years, mutation testing has been extended to machine learning (ML) systems, and deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Annibale Panichella , Cynthia C. S. Liem

In machine learning, supervised classifiers are used to obtain predictions for unlabeled data by inferring prediction functions using labeled data. Supervised classifiers are widely applied in domains such as computational biology,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Prashanta Saha , Upulee Kanewala

Software quality assurance remains a major challenge in industrial environments, where large-scale and long-lived systems inevitably accumulate defects. Identifying the location of a fault is often time-consuming and costly, particularly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Pernilla Hall , Anton Ununger , Riccardo Rubei , Alessio Bucaioni

On-board embedded software developed for spaceflight systems (space software) must adhere to stringent software quality assurance procedures. For example, verification and validation activities are typically performed and assessed by third…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Oscar Cornejo , Fabrizio Pastore , Lionel Briand

Fault localization is a popular research topic and many techniques have been proposed to locate faults in imperative code, e.g. C and Java. In this paper, we focus on the problem of fault localization for declarative models in Alloy -- a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Kaiyuan Wang , Allison Sullivan , Darko Marinov , Sarfraz Khurshid

Mutation testing can help minimize the delivery of faulty software. Therefore, it is a recommended practice for developing embedded software in safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, state-of-the-art mutation testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jaekwon Lee , Fabrizio Pastore , Lionel Briand

The growing penetration of renewable and distributed generation is transforming power systems and challenging conventional protection schemes that rely on fixed settings and local measurements. Machine learning (ML) offers a data-driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Julian Oelhaf , Mehran Pashaei , Georg Kordowich , Christian Bergler , Andreas Maier , Johann Jäger , Siming Bayer

Debugging is one of the most time-consuming and expensive tasks in software development. Several formula-based fault localization (FBFL) methods have been proposed, but they fail to guarantee a set of diagnoses across all failing tests or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Pedro Orvalho , Mikoláš Janota , Vasco Manquinho

Software code complexity is a well-studied property to determine software component health. However, the existing code complexity metrics do not directly take into account the fault-proneness aspect of the code. We propose a metric called…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Ali Parsai , Serge Demeyer

In verification-aware languages, such as Dafny, despite their critical role, specifications are as prone to error as implementations. Flaws in specifications can result in formally verified programs that deviate from the intended behavior.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Isabel Amaral , Alexandra Mendes , José Campos

Mutation testing has been demonstrated to be one of the most powerful fault-revealing tools in the tester's tool kit. Much previous work implicitly assumed it to be sufficient to re-compute mutant suites per release. Sadly, this makes…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-23 Milos Ojdanic , Mike Papadakis , Mark Harman

The problem of software fault localization may be viewed as an approach for finding hidden faults or bugs in the existing program codes which are syntactically correct and give fault free output for some input instances but fail for all…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Vangipuram Radhakrishna

Various proxy metrics for test quality have been defined in order to guide developers when writing tests. Code coverage is particularly well established in practice, even though the question of how coverage relates to test quality is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Goran Petrović , Marko Ivanković , Gordon Fraser , René Just

When software evolves, opportunities for introducing faults appear. Therefore, it is important to test the evolved program behaviors during each evolution cycle. We conduct an exploratory study to investigate the properties of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Milos Ojdanic , Ezekiel Soremekun , Renzo Degiovanni , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Automated program repair (APR) has attracted great research attention, and various techniques have been proposed. Search-based APR is one of the most important categories among these techniques. Existing researches focus on the design of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Ming Wen , Junjie Chen , Rongxin Wu , Dan Hao , Shing-Chi Cheung

LLM-based mutation testing is a promising testing technology, but existing approaches typically rely on a fixed set of mutations as few-shot examples or none at all. This can result in generic low-quality mutations, missed context-specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Bo Wang , Ming Deng , Mingda Chen , Chengran Yang , Youfang Lin , Mark Harman , Mike Papadakis , Jie M. Zhang