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The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) can be regarded as a variant of the Discrete Fourier Transform. NTT has been quite a powerful mathematical tool in developing Post-Quantum Cryptography and Homomorphic Encryption. The Fourier Transform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Banhirup Sengupta , Peenal Gupta , Souvik Sengupta

Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is an essential mathematical tool for computing polynomial multiplication in promising lattice-based cryptography. However, costly division operations and complex data dependencies make efficient and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Jingyao Zhang , Mohsen Imani , Elaheh Sadredini

Number theoretic transform (NTT) is the most efficient method for multiplying two polynomials of high degree with integer coefficients, due to its series of advantages in terms of algorithm and implementation, and is consequently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Zhichuang Liang , Yunlei Zhao

Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is the most essential component for polynomial multiplications used in lattice-based Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) algorithms such as Kyber, Dilithium, NTRU etc. However, side-channel attacks (SCA) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rourab Paul , Krishnendu Guha , Amlan Chakrabarti

Many important problems require modelling large-scale spatio-temporal datasets, with one prevalent example being weather forecasting. Recently, transformer-based approaches have shown great promise in a range of weather forecasting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-11 Matthew Ashman , Cristiana Diaconu , Eric Langezaal , Adrian Weller , Richard E. Turner

This letter investigates the artificial noise aided beamforming design for secure simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in a two-tier downlink heterogeneous network, where one femtocell is overlaid with one macrocell…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Bin Li , Zesong Fei , Zheng Chu

Many modern datasets are large and carry complex structural relationships. Graph-based methods have traditionally been used to represent networked data, modeling individual elements as nodes and pairwise interactions as edges. Furthermore,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Flavia Petruso , Maria Giulia Preti , Dimitri Van De Ville

The Number Theoretic Transform (NTT) is a fundamental operation in privacy-preserving technologies, particularly within fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). The efficiency of NTT computation directly impacts the overall performance of FHE,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-18 George Alexakis , Dimitrios Schoinianakis , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are memory and bandwidth limited networks whose main goals are to maximize the network lifetime and minimize the energy consumption and transmission cost. To achieve these goals, dif ferent techniques of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-10-02 Khan Muhammad , Zahoor Jan , Jamil Ahmad , Zahid Khan

In this paper, we propose a class of high-efficiency deep joint source-channel coding methods that can closely adapt to the source distribution under the nonlinear transform, it can be collected under the name nonlinear transform…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Jincheng Dai , Sixian Wang , Kailin Tan , Zhongwei Si , Xiaoqi Qin , Kai Niu , Ping Zhang

The Topological Signal Processing (TSP) framework has been recently developed to analyze signals defined over simplicial complexes, i.e. topological spaces represented by finite sets of elements that are closed under inclusion of subsets…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Stefania Sardellitti , Sergio Barbarossa , Lucia Testa

Recent deep learning methods have led to increased interest in solving high-efficiency end-to-end transmission problems. These methods, we call nonlinear transform source-channel coding (NTSCC), extract the semantic latent features of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-21 Sixian Wang , Jincheng Dai , Xiaoqi Qin , Zhongwei Si , Kai Niu , Ping Zhang

Processing sensitive data, such as those produced by body sensors, on third-party untrusted clouds is particularly challenging without compromising the privacy of the users generating it. Typically, these sensors generate large quantities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Carlos Segarra , Ricard Delgado-Gonzalo , Mathieu Lemay , Pierre-Louis Aublin , Peter Pietzuch , Valerio Schiavoni

Privacy concerns have thrust privacy-preserving computation into the spotlight. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a cryptographic system that enables computation to occur directly on encrypted data, providing users with strong privacy (and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Juran Ding , Yuanzhe Liu , Lingbin Sun , Brandon Reagen

Homomorphic encryption (HE) draws huge attention as it provides a way of privacy-preserving computations on encrypted messages. Number Theoretic Transform (NTT), a specialized form of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) in the finite field of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Sangpyo Kim , Wonkyung Jung , Jaiyoung Park , Jung Ho Ahn

Secure communication mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been widely deployed to ensure confidentiality, authenticity and integrity of the nodes and data. Recently many WSNs applications rely on trusted communication to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-07-27 Yusnani Mohd Yussoff , Habibah Hashim , Mohd Dani Baba

Predictive models play a crucial role in the financial industry, enabling risk prediction, fraud detection, and personalized recommendations, where slight changes in core model performance can result in billions of dollars in revenue or…

In this paper a pipelined architecture of a high speed network security processor (NSP) for SSL,TLS protocol is implemented on a system on chip (SOC) where hardware information of all encryption, hashing and key exchange algorithms are…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-25 Rourab Paul , Amlan Chakrabarti , Ranjan Ghosh

Lattice-based cryptography (LBC) exploiting Learning with Errors (LWE) problems is a promising candidate for post-quantum cryptography. Number theoretic transform (NTT) is the latency- and energy- dominant process in the computation of LWE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Dai Li , Akhil Pakala , Kaiyuan Yang

Security of model parameters and user data is critical for Transformer-based services, such as ChatGPT. While recent strides in secure two-party protocols have successfully addressed security concerns in serving Transformer models, their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Mu Yuan , Lan Zhang , Xiang-Yang Li
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