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Encoding schemes and error-correcting codes are widely used in information technology to improve the reliability of data transmission over real-world communication channels. Quantum information protocols can further enhance the performance…

Quantum error correction is crucial for universal fault-tolerant quantum computing. Highly accurate and low-time-complexity decoding algorithms play an indispensable role in ensuring quantum error correction works effectively. Among…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Jiahan Chen , Zhengzhong Yi , Zhipeng Liang , Xuan Wang

There is an increasing interest in scaling tensor network methods through belief propagation (BP), as well as increasing the accuracy of BP through tensor network methods. We develop a unification framework that takes an arbitrary graphical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 Pedro Hack , Jonas Hitter , Christian B. Mendl , Alexandru Paler

Quantum stabilizer codes constructed from sparse matrices have good performance and can be efficiently decoded by belief propagation (BP). A conventional BP decoding algorithm treats binary stabilizer codes as additive codes over GF(4).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-21 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

We propose a new method called decoupling representation to represent Pauli operators as vectors over $GF(2)$, based on which we propose partially decoupled belief propagation and fully decoupled belief propagation decoding algorithm for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-05 Zhengzhong Yi , Zhipeng Liang , Kaixin Zhong , Yulin Wu , Zhou Fang , Xuan Wang

We present an efficient quantum algorithm for a structured state discrimination problem we call the subspace decoding task. Building on this, we show that the algorithm enables efficient and optimal decoding of certain families of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-25 Christophe Piveteau , Joseph M. Renes

Belief propagation is an algorithm that is known from statistical physics and computer science. It provides an efficient way of calculating marginals that involve large sums of products which are efficiently rearranged into nested products…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Tim Ritmeester , Hildegard Meyer-Ortmanns

Near optimal decoding of good error control codes is generally a difficult task. However, for a certain type of (sufficiently) good codes an efficient decoding algorithm with near optimal performance exists. These codes are defined via a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-10-30 Uli Sorger

The design of optimal linear block codes capable of being efficiently decoded is of major concern, especially for short block lengths. As near capacity-approaching codes, Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes possess several advantages over…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yoni Choukroun , Lior Wolf

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising technique for quantum error correction. A variety of decoders have been proposed for QLDPC codes and many of them utilize belief propagation (BP) decoding in some…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Hanwen Yao , Waleed Abu Laban , Christian Häger , Alexandre Graell i Amat , Henry D. Pfister

Belief propagation (BP) algorithm is a widely used message-passing method for inference in graphical models. BP on loop-free graphs converges in linear time. But for graphs with loops, BP's performance is uncertain, and the understanding of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-30 Dong Liu , Minh Thành Vu , Zuxing Li , Lars K. Rasmussen

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

We study the problem of decoding classical information encoded on quantum states at the output of a quantum channel, with particular focus on increasing the communication rates towards the maximum allowed by Quantum Mechanics. After a brief…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-10-25 Matteo Rosati

The usual belief propagation (BP) decoders are, in general, exchanging local information on the Tanner graph of the quantum error-correcting (QEC) code and, in particular, are known to not have a threshold for the surface code. We propose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Pedro Hack , Luca Menti , Francisco Lazaro , Alexandru Paler

Belief propagation is a fundamental message-passing algorithm for probabilistic reasoning and inference in graphical models. While it is known to be exact on trees, in most applications belief propagation is run on graphs with cycles.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Frederic Koehler

Most coding theorems in quantum Shannon theory can be proven using the decoupling technique: to send data through a channel, one guarantees that the environment gets no information about it; Uhlmann's theorem then ensures that the receiver…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-16 Frédéric Dupuis , Oleg Szehr , Marco Tomamichel

A fault-tolerant approach to reliable quantum memory is essential for scalable quantum computing, as physical qubits are susceptible to noise. Quantum error correction (QEC) must be continuously performed to prolong the memory lifetime. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-30 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

Polar coding is a method for communication over noisy classical channels which is provably capacity-achieving and has an efficient encoding and decoding. Recently, this method has been generalized to the realm of quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-01 Christoph Hirche , Ciara Morgan , Mark M. Wilde

Belief propagation (BP) is an iterative decoding algorithm for polar codes which can be parallelized effectively to achieve higher throughput. However, because of the presence of error floor due to cycles and stopping sets in the factor…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Vismika Ranasinghe , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

We describe the theory of quantum convolutional error correcting codes. These codes are aimed at protecting a flow of quantum information over long distance communication. They are largely inspired by their classical analogs which are used…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Ollivier , J. -P. Tillich