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The deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in unlicensed spectrum is a candidate feature for 5G to support massive connections of IoT devices. Current IoT unlicensed band technologies, such as Sigfox and LoRa, are all at an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-03 Rongrong Sun , Salvatore Talarico , Wenting Chang , Huaning Niu , Hongwen Yang

To boost the capacity of the cellular system, the operators have started to reuse the same licensed spectrum by deploying 4G LTE small cells (Femto Cells) in the past. But in time, these small cell licensed spectrum is not sufficient to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Vanlin Sathya

Motivated by the recent efforts in extending LTE to the unlicensed spectrum, we propose a novel spectrum sharing framework for the coopetition (i.e., cooperation and competition) between LTE and Wi-Fi in the unlicensed band. Basically, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Haoran Yu , George Iosifidis , Jianwei Huang , Leandros Tassiulas

LTE in the unlicensed band (LTE-U) is a promising solution to overcome the scarcity of the wireless spectrum. However, to reap the benefits of LTE-U, it is essential to maintain its effective coexistence with WiFi systems. Such a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Aunas Manzoor , Nguyen H. Tran , Walid Saad , S. M. Ahsan Kazmi , Shashi Raj Pandey , Choong Seon Hong

A traditional cellular system (e.g., LTE) operates only on the licensed spectrum. This tutorial explains the concept of cellular communications on both licensed and license-exempt spectrum under a unified architecture. The purpose to extend…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-01-18 Binyin Ren , Mao Wang , Jingjing Zhang , Wenjie Yang , Jun Zou , Min Hua

Based on the License-Assisted Access (LAA) small cell architecture, the LAA coexisting with Wi-Fi heterogeneous networks provides LTE mobile users with high bandwidth efficiency as the unlicensed channels are shared among LAA and Wi-Fi.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Po-Heng Chou

The unlicensed spectrum is recently considered one of the defining solutions to meet the steadily growing traffic demand. This, in turn, has led to the enhancement for LTE in Release-13 to enable Licensed-Assisted Access (LAA) operations.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Biswa P. S. Sahoo , Styabrata Swain , Hung-Yu Wei , Mahasweta Sarkar

As two major players in terrestrial wireless communications, Wi-Fi systems and cellular networks have different origins and have largely evolved separately. Motivated by the exponentially increasing wireless data demand, cellular networks…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Haijun Zhang , Xiaoli Chu , Weisi Guo , Siyi Wang

Wi-Fi provides cost-effective data capacity at hotspots in conjunction with broadband cellular networks. The hotspots are required to capture a large number of users and provide high data rates. Data rates, over the Wi-Fi interface, are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Jonathan Ling , Satish Kanugovi , Subramanian Vasudevan , A Krishna Pramod

License Assisted Access (LAA) LTE (LTE-LAA) is a new type of LTE that aggregates the licensed LTE bands with the unlicensed bands via carrier aggregation. To operate in unlicensed bands, LTE-LAA adopts the listen-before-talk policy and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-12-14 H. R. Lee , H. Kim , H. J. Yang , J. T. Kim , S. K. Baek

Connectivity is probably the most basic building block of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Up to know, the two main approaches to provide data access to the \emph{things} have been based either on multi-hop mesh networks using…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Marco Centenaro , Lorenzo Vangelista , Andrea Zanella , Michele Zorzi

The use of unlicensed spectrum for future LTE systems raises concerns about its impact on co-located Wi-Fi networks. We report herein on extensions to a popular network simulator, known as ns-3, to model such coexistence. To our knowledge,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-07-04 Lorenza Giupponi , Thomas Henderson , Biljana Bojovic , Marco Miozzo

5G has to fulfill the requirements of ultra-dense, scalable, and customizable networks such as IoT while increasing spectrum and energy efficiency. Given the diversity of envisaged applications and scenarios, one crucial property for 5G New…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Suzan Bayhan , Gürkan Gür , Anatolij Zubow

To coexist with Wi-Fi friendly, a standalone long-term evolution network over unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) under listen-before-talk (LBT) mechanism can only access channel in a random and intermittent way, which results in random and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Hangguan Shan , Taojie Qin , Guanding Yu , Lin X. Cai , Yu Cheng , Tony Q. S. Quek

Interference evaluation is crucial when deciding whether and how wireless technologies should operate. In this paper we demonstrate the benefit of risk-informed interference assessment to aid spectrum regulators in making decisions, and to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Andra M. Voicu , Ljiljana Simić , J. Pierre de Vries , Marina Petrova , Petri Mähönen

We consider cellular base stations (BSs) equipped with a large number of antennas and operating in the unlicensed band. We denote such system as massive MIMO unlicensed (mMIMO-U). We design the key procedures required to guarantee…

The utilization of unlicensed spectrum presents a promising solution to the issue of spectrum scarcity in densely populated areas, while also offering a cost-effective means to connect underserved regions. In response to this potential,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Karim Saifullin , Hussein Al-Shatri , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The unlicensed spectrum, although free, has become an invaluable resource toward enabling massive Internet-of-things (IoT) applications, where Internet-enabled devices are deployed at a large scale. However, realizing massive IoT…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-03-06 Ghaith Hattab , Danijela Cabric

Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) of smart grid requires bidirectional communication for transferring data to billing center, for which WiFi is an attractive choice. However, WiFi operates in the unlicensed bands and LTE needs to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Imtiaz Parvez , Tanwir Khan , Arif Sarwat , Zakaria Parvez

Coexistence between cellular systems and Wi-Fi gained the attention of the research community when LTE License Assisted Access (LAA) entered the unlicensed band. The recent introduction of NR-U as part of 5G introduces new coexistence…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Katarzyna Kosek-Szott , Alice Lo Valvo , Szymon Szott , Pierluigi Gallo , Ilenia Tinnirello