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Using the Lagrangian transport of momentum, the Reynolds stress can be expressed in terms of basic turbulence parameters. DNS data at higher Reynolds numbers (Re= 1000 and 5200) have been used to again validate this theory, where it is the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-03-11 T. -W. Lee

We investigate the prediction of the turbulent flow around a canonical square cylinder at Re= 22000 solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) equations. The limitations of URANS modelling are overcome through the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-03-09 Markus Zauner , Vincent Mons , Olivier Marquet , Benjamin Leclaire

We present results of implicit large eddy simulation (LES) and different Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models of the MTU 161 low pressure turbine at an exit Reynolds number of 90,000 and exit Mach number of 0.6. The LES results are…

The simulation of turbulent flow requires many degrees of freedom to resolve all the relevant times and length scales. However, due to the dissipative nature of the Navier-Stokes equations, the long-term dynamics are expected to lie on a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-15 C. Ricardo Constante-Amores , Alec J. Linot , Michael D. Graham

In this paper, deep learning (DL) methods are evaluated in the context of turbulent flows. Various generative adversarial networks (GANs) are discussed with respect to their suitability for understanding and modeling turbulence. Wasserstein…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-10-31 Mathis Bode , Michael Gauding , Jens Henrik Göbbert , Baohao Liao , Jenia Jitsev , Heinz Pitsch

The constants and functions in Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence models are coupled. Consequently, modifications of a RANS model often negatively impact its basic calibrations, which is why machine-learned augmentations are…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-10-17 Yuanwei Bin , George Huang , Robert Kunz , Xiang I A Yang

The simulation of high Reynolds number (Re) separated turbulent flows faces significant problems for decades: large eddy simulation (LES) is computationally too expensive, and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods and hybrid…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-12-02 Stefan Heinz , Adeyemi Fagbade

Fan-array wind generators (FAWGs) provide controlled turbulent inflow conditions that cannot be reproduced in conventional wind tunnels. Despite their increasing use in experimental studies, numerical modeling of FAWG-generated flows…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-22 M. Hosein Niroomand , Utku Şentürk

It is well known that Boussinesq turbulent-viscosity hypothesis can introduce uncertainty in predictions for complex flow features such as separation, reattachment, and laminar-turbulent transition. This study adopts a recent physics-based…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-10-19 Minghan Chu , Xiaohua Wu , David E. Rival

In-cylinder flow structures and turbulence characteristics are investigated using direct numerical simulations (DNS) in a laboratory-scale engine at technically relevant engine speeds (1500 and 2500 rpm at full load). The data is computed…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-05 Bogdan A. Danciu , George K. Giannakopoulos , Mathis Bode , Christos E. Frouzakis

In this study, we explore the application of an artificial recurrent neural network (RNN) called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) as an alternative to a turbulent Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. The LSTM models are utilized to…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-07-27 Hugo D. Pasinato , Nicólas F. Moguilner Reh

Recent advances in data-driven turbulence modeling have established tensor basis neural networks (TBNN) as a physically grounded framework for Reynolds-stress closure in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. However, their…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-13 Zelong Yuan , Yuzhu Pearl Li

Extending gradient-type turbulence closures to turbulent premixed flames is challenging due to the significant influence of combustion heat release. We incorporate a deep neural network (DNN) into Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS)…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-06-18 Priyesh Kakka , Jonathan F. MacArt

Simulations of complex turbulent flow are part and parcel of the engineering design process. Eddy viscosity based turbulence models represent the workhorse for these simulations. The underlying simplifications in eddy viscosity models make…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-05-15 Minghan Chu , Weicheng Qian

Most of the turbulence models in practice are based on the assumption of a linear relation between Reynolds stresses and mean flow strain rates which generally provides a good approximation in case of attached and fully turbulent flows. A…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-03-01 Alok Mishra , Gaurav Kumar , Ashoke De

Turbulent flows have high requirements for very fine meshes near the boundary to ensure accuracy. In the context of topology optimization (TO), such fine meshes become unrealistic and common approaches are hampered by low accuracy and…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-06 Amirhossein Bayat , Hao Li , Joe Alexandersen

In this paper, we propose normalizing flows (NF) as a novel probability density function (PDF) turbulence model (NF-PDF model) for the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations. We propose to use normalizing flows in two different…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-01-12 Deniz A. Bezgin , Nikolaus A. Adams

To reduce the time-to-market of future aircraft, it is crucial to predict the flight envelope accurately before building prototypes for flight tests. The High-Lift Prediction Workshop (HLPW) series aims to assess the numerical prediction…

With the rapid advancement of machine learning techniques, the development and study of machine learning turbulence models have become increasingly prevalent. As a critical component of turbulence modeling, the constitutive relationship…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-05-28 Ziqi Ji , Penghao Duan , Gang Du

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a framework to build surrogate models for dynamical systems governed by differential equations. During the learning process, PINNs incorporate a physics-based regularization term within the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Shinjan Ghosh , Amit Chakraborty , Georgia Olympia Brikis , Biswadip Dey