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Data from experiments and direct simulations of turbulence have historically been used to calibrate simple engineering models such as those based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) equations. In the past few years, with the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-01-30 Karthik Duraisamy , Gianluca Iaccarino , Heng Xiao

In computational fluid dynamics simulations of industrial flows, models based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) equations are expected to play an important role in decades to come. However, model uncertainties are still a major…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-10-01 Heng Xiao , Paola Cinnella

The application machine learning (ML) algorithms to turbulence modeling has shown promise over the last few years, but their application has been restricted to eddy viscosity based closure approaches. In this article we discuss rationale…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-05-31 J. P. Panda , H. V. Warrior

Numerical simulations based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes (RANS) equations are widely used in engineering design and analysis involving turbulent flows. However, RANS simulations are known to be unreliable in many flows of engineering…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-09-19 Jinlong Wu , Rui Sun , Sylvain Laizet , Heng Xiao

Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-based transition modeling is widely used in aerospace applications but suffers inaccuracies due to the Boussinesq turbulent viscosity hypothesis. The eigenspace perturbation method can estimate the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-11-08 Minghan Chu , Weicheng Qian

In order to achieve a virtual certification process and robust designs for turbomachinery, the uncertainty bounds for Computational Fluid Dynamics have to be known. The formulation of turbulence closure models implies a major source of the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Marcel Matha , Karsten Kucharczyk , Christian Morsbach

This study presents a compact data-driven Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model for wind turbine wake prediction, built as an enhancement of the standard \(k\)-\(\varepsilon\) formulation. Several candidate models were discovered…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-09 Kherlen Jigjid , Ali Eidi , Nguyen Anh Khoa Doan , Richard P. Dwight

The present study represents a data-driven turbulent model with Galilean invariance preservation based on machine learning algorithm. The fully connected neural network (FCNN) and tensor basis neural network (TBNN) [Ling et al. (2016)] are…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-11 Xuepeng Fu , Shixiao Fu , Chang Liu , Mengmeng Zhang , Qihan Hu

Fluid turbulence is an important problem for physics and engineering. Turbulence modeling deals with the development of simplified models that can act as surrogates for representing the effects of turbulence on flow evolution. Such models…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-11-16 J P Panda

Most turbulence models used in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are partial differential equations (PDE) that describe the transport of turbulent quantities. Such quantities include turbulent kinetic energy for eddy…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-02-18 Ruiying Xu , Xu-Hui Zhou , Jiequn Han , Richard P. Dwight , Heng Xiao

Despite their well-known limitations, RANS models remain the most commonly employed tool for modeling turbulent flows in engineering practice. RANS models are predicated on the solution of the RANS equations, but these equations involve an…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-04-22 Eric L. Peters , Riccardo Balin , Kenneth E. Jansen , Alireza Doostan , John A. Evans

Turbulence is ubiquitous in engineering and science, yet direct simulation is prohibitively expensive. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations provide savings exceeding ten orders of magnitude but introduce unclosed terms (the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-27 Daniel Dehtyriov , Jonathan F. MacArt , Justin Sirignano

We present a machine learning-based framework for blending data-driven turbulent closures in the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, aimed at improving their generalizability across diverse flow regimes. Specialized models…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-03-05 Mourad Oulghelou , Soufiane Cherroud , Xavier Merle , Paola Cinnella

In the present paper, an aerodynamic investigation of a high-speed train is performed. In the first section of this article, a generic high-speed train against a turbulent flow is simulated, numerically. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes…

Modeled Reynolds stress is a major source of model-form uncertainties in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. Recently, a physics-informed machine-learning (PIML) approach has been proposed for reconstructing the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-23 Jian-Xun Wang , Junji Huang , Lian Duan , Heng Xiao

There exists continuous demand of improved turbulence models for the closure of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. Machine Learning (ML) offers effective tools for establishing advanced empirical Reynolds stress closures on…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-04-01 Muyuan Liu , Yiren Yang , Hao Chen

The goal of this dissertation is to investigate the PANS model capabilities in providing significant improvement over RANS predictions at slightly higher computational expense and producing LES quality results at significantly lower…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-12-12 Pooyan Razi

Solving the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) closed with an eddy viscosity computed through a turbulence model is still the leading approach for Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. Unfortunately, universal models with…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-09-18 Marco Castelletti , Maurizio Quadrio

This paper applies Bayesian-optimization-RANS (turbo-RANS) to improve Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models for a converging-diverging channel, a case with adverse pressure gradients and flow separation. Using Bayesian…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-18 Nikhila Kalia , Ryley McConkey , Eugene Yee , Fue-Sang Lien

Turbulence modeling is a classical approach to address the multiscale nature of fluid turbulence. Instead of resolving all scales of motion, which is currently mathematically and numerically intractable, reduced models that capture the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-12-10 Rui Fang , David Sondak , Pavlos Protopapas , Sauro Succi