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A basic assumption behind the inequalities used for testing noncontextual hidden variable models is that the observables measured on the same individual system are perfectly compatible. However, compatibility is not perfect in actual…

Entanglement, describing the inseparability of a quantum multiparty system, is one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics. Violation of Bell inequality, for ruling out the possibility of local hidden variable theories, is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-21 Xianxin Guo , Yefeng Mei , Shengwang Du

It is shown that memory effects in experiments measuring correlations in entangled photon pairs are not able to produce a relevant loophole for the test of local hidden variables theories.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-22 Emilio Santos

The algebraic derivation of the numerical limits of Bell inequalities in either three or four random variables is independent of the assumption of randomness.The limits of the inequalities follow as mathematical consequences of their…

General Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 L. Sica

Photonic systems based on energy-time entanglement have been proposed to test local realism using the Bell inequality. A violation of this inequality normally also certifies security of device-independent quantum key distribution, so that…

Bell nonlocality is the resource that enables device-independent quantum information processing tasks. It is revealed through the violation of so-called Bell inequalities, indicating that the observed correlations cannot be reproduced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Patrick Emonts , Mengyao Hu , Albert Aloy , Jordi Tura

Bell's theorem states that no local realistic explanation of quantum mechanical predictions is possible, in which the experimenter has a freedom to choose between different measurement settings. Within a local realistic picture the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Johannes Kofler , Tomasz Paterek , Caslav Brukner

A violation of Bell-CHSH inequalities does not justify speculations about quantum non-locality, conspiracy and retro-causation. Such speculations are rooted in a belief that setting dependence of hidden variables in a probabilistic model,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-06 Marian Kupczynski

Device independent protocols rely on the violation of Bell inequalities to certify properties of the resources available. The violation of the inequalities are meaningless without a few well-known assumptions. One of these is measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-28 Le Phuc Thinh , Lana Sheridan , Valerio Scarani

Subtraction of ``accidentals'' in Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiments frequently changes results compatible with local realism into ones that appear to demonstrate non-locality. The validity of the procedure depends on the unproven…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Caroline H. Thompson

A method for preparing a loophole-free four-photon Bell experiments which requires a detection efficiency of 67% is proposed. It enables realistic detection efficiencies of 75% at a visibility of 85%. Two type-II crystals each down convert…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Mladen Pavicic

The Bell inequality constrains the outcomes of measurements on pairs of distant entangled particles. The Bell contradiction states that the Bell inequality is inconsistent with the calculated outcomes of these quantum experiments. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Kees van Hee , Kees van Berkel , Jan de Graaf

We propose the use of entangled pairs of neutral kaons, considered as a promising tool to close the well known loopholes affecting generic Bell's inequality tests, in a specific Hardy-type experiment. Hardy's contradiction without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Bramon , G. Garbarino

The precision with which we can measure operators that do not commute with conserved quantities is limited by the need to preserve the associated global symmetries. We show how to construct a local hidden-variable model that violates Bell…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Alejandro J. Garza , Jonte R. Hance

Over the past few decades, experimental tests of Bell-type inequalities have been at the forefront of understanding quantum mechanics and its implications. These strong bounds on specific measurements on a physical system originate from…

We discuss the recently observed "loophole free" violation of Bell's inequalities in the framework of a physically realist view of quantum mechanics, which requires that physical properties are attributed jointly to a system, and to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-04 Alexia Auffèves , Philippe Grangier

Bell inequality violations can be used to certify private randomness for use in cryptographic applications. In photonic Bell experiments, a large amount of the data that is generated comes from no-detection events and presumably contains…

The degree of experimentally attainable nonlocality, as gauged by the loophole-free or effective violation of Bell inequalities, remains severely limited due to inefficient detectors. We address an experimentally motivated question: Which…

Although the original EPR paradox was formulated in terms of position and momentum, most studies of these phenomena have focused on measurement scenarios with only a discrete number of possible measurement outcomes. Here, we present a…

John Bell is generally credited to have accomplished the remarkable "proof" that any theory of physics, which is both Einstein-local and "realistic" (counterfactually definite), results in a strong upper bound to the correlations that are…

General Physics · Physics 2016-10-25 Hans De Raedt , Kristel Michielsen , Karl Hess