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This paper introduces a method for using LED-based environmental lighting to produce visually imperceptible watermarks for consumer cameras. Our approach optimizes an LED light source's spectral profile to be minimally visible to the human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hodaka Kawachi , Tomoya Nakamura , Hiroaki Santo , SaiKiran Kumar Tedla , Trevor Dalton Canham , Yasushi Yagi , Michael S. Brown

There is a growing privacy concern due to the popularity of social media and surveillance systems, along with advances in face recognition software. However, established image obfuscation techniques are either vulnerable to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Tao Li , Min Soo Choi

Various imaging techniques have significantly enhanced our ability to visualize objects embedded within complex media such as biological tissues, fog, atmosphere, or various turbid media. Optical imaging, in particular, offers multiple…

Optics · Physics 2025-05-05 Mingwei He , Sujit K. Sahoo , Chengyuan Xiao , Cuong Dang

We design short blocklength codes for the Gaussian wiretap channel under information-theoretic security guarantees. Our approach consists in decoupling the reliability and secrecy constraints in our code design. Specifically, we handle the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Vidhi Rana , Remi A. Chou

Recent deep learning models have shown remarkable performance in image classification. While these deep learning systems are getting closer to practical deployment, the common assumption made about data is that it does not carry any…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Abhishek Singh , Ayush Chopra , Vivek Sharma , Ethan Garza , Emily Zhang , Praneeth Vepakomma , Ramesh Raskar

With the advent of the screen-reading era, the confidential documents displayed on the screen can be easily captured by a camera without leaving any traces. Thus, this paper proposes a novel screen-shooting resilient watermarking scheme for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-11 Sulong Ge , Zhihua Xia , Yao Tong , Jian Weng , Jianan Liu

Content scanning systems employ perceptual hashing algorithms to scan user content for illegal material, such as child pornography or terrorist recruitment flyers. Perceptual hashing algorithms help determine whether two images are visually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Ashish Hooda , Andrey Labunets , Tadayoshi Kohno , Earlence Fernandes

Event-based object detection has recently garnered attention in the computer vision community due to the exceptional properties of event cameras, such as high dynamic range and no motion blur. However, feature asynchronism and sparsity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Ting-Kang Yen , Igor Morawski , Shusil Dangi , Kai He , Chung-Yi Lin , Jia-Fong Yeh , Hung-Ting Su , Winston Hsu

Communication channel established from a display to a device's camera is known as visual channel, and it is helpful in securing key exchange protocol. In this paper, we study how visual channel can be exploited by a network terminal and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2010-07-09 Chengfang Fang , Ee-Chien Chang

The light-emitting diode(LED) is widely used as an indicator on the information device. Early in 2002, Loughry et al studied the exfiltration of LED indicators and found the kind of LEDs unmodulated to indicate some state of the device can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Zheng Zhou , Weiming Zhang , Zichong Yang , Nenghai Yu

Side-channel attacks that leak sensitive information through a computing device's interaction with its physical environment have proven to be a severe threat to devices' security, particularly when adversaries have unfettered physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Ileana Buhan , Lejla Batina , Yuval Yarom , Patrick Schaumont

The modern surge in camera usage alongside widespread computer vision technology applications poses significant privacy and security concerns. Current artificial intelligence (AI) technologies aid in recognizing relevant events and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jhon Lopez , Carlos Hinojosa , Henry Arguello , Bernard Ghanem

Ghost imaging leverages a single-pixel detector with no spatial resolution to acquire object echo intensity signals, which are correlated with illumination patterns to reconstruct an image. This architecture inherently mitigates scattering…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-01 Yue-Gang Li , Ze Zheng , Jun-jie Wang , Ming He , Jianping Fan , Tailong Xiao , Guihua Zeng

Exchanging gradients is a widely used method in modern multi-node machine learning system (e.g., distributed training, collaborative learning). For a long time, people believed that gradients are safe to share: i.e., the training data will…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Ligeng Zhu , Zhijian Liu , Song Han

We explore the additional security obtained by noise at the physical layer in a wiretap channel model setting. Security enhancements at the physical layer have been proposed recently using a secrecy metric based on the degrees of freedom…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-09-24 W. K. Harrison , J. Almeida , S. W. McLaughlin , J. Barros

In turbid media, scattering of light scrambles information of the incident beam and represents an obstacle to optical imaging. Noninvasive imaging through opaque layers is challenging for dynamic and wide-field objects due to unreliable…

Optics · Physics 2018-10-17 Yuan Yuan , Hui Chen

Because computers may contain or interact with sensitive information, they are often air-gapped and in this way kept isolated and disconnected from the Internet. In recent years the ability of malware to communicate over an air-gap by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Mordechai Guri , Yosef Solewicz , Andrey Daidakulov , Yuval Elovici

The advent and growing popularity of Virtual Reality (VR) and Mixed Reality (MR) solutions have revolutionized the way we interact with digital platforms. The cutting-edge gaze-controlled typing methods, now prevalent in high-end models of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Hanqiu Wang , Zihao Zhan , Haoqi Shan , Siqi Dai , Max Panoff , Shuo Wang

The widespread use of AI-generated content from diffusion models has raised significant concerns regarding misinformation and copyright infringement. Watermarking is a crucial technique for identifying these AI-generated images and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Wenda Li , Huijie Zhang , Qing Qu

Cybersecurity practices require effort to be maintained, and one weakness is a lack of awareness regarding potential attacks not only in the usage of machine learning models, but also in their development process. Previous studies have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Devon A. Kelly , Sarah A. Flanery , Christiana Chamon