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Difference Logic (DL) is a fragment of linear arithmetics where atoms are constraints x+k <= y for variables x,y (ranging over Q or Z) and integer k. We study the complexity of deciding the truth of existential DL sentences. This problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Konrad K. Dabrowski , Peter Jonsson , Sebastian Ordyniak , George Osipov

Model checking of strategic abilities is a notoriously hard problem, even more so in the realistic case of agents with imperfect information, acting in a stochastic environment. Assume-guarantee reasoning can be of great help here,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Wojciech Jamroga , Damian Kurpiewski , Łukasz Mikulski

Large language model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly applied to complex strategic environments that demand long-horizon reasoning, multi-agent interaction, and decision-making under uncertainty. However, common existing benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenjie Tang , Yuan Zhou , Erqiang Xu , Keyan Cheng , Minne Li , Liquan Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4 have revolutionized natural language processing, showing remarkable linguistic proficiency and reasoning capabilities. However, their application in strategic multi-agent decision-making environments…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chuanhao Li , Runhan Yang , Tiankai Li , Milad Bafarassat , Kourosh Sharifi , Dirk Bergemann , Zhuoran Yang

In temporal logics, a central question is about the choice of modalities and their relative expressive power, in comparison to the complexity of decision problems such as satisfiability. In this tutorial, we will illustrate the study of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Kamal Lodaya , Paritosh K. Pandya

Standpoint EL is a multi-modal extension of the popular description logic EL that allows for the integrated representation of domain knowledge relative to diverse standpoints or perspectives. Advantageously, its satisfiability problem has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Lucía Gómez Álvarez , Sebastian Rudolph , Hannes Strass

Epistemic logic programs constitute an extension of the stable models semantics to deal with new constructs called subjective literals. Informally speaking, a subjective literal allows checking whether some regular literal is true in all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Pedro Cabalar , Jorge Fandinno , Luis Fariñas del Cerro

Computational trust mechanisms aim to produce trust ratings from both direct and indirect information about agents' behaviour. Subjective Logic (SL) has been widely adopted as the core of such systems via its fusion and discount operators.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-12-18 Federico Cerutti , Alice Toniolo , Nir Oren , Timothy J. Norman

Discounting is an important dimension in multi-agent systems as long as we want to reason about strategies and time. It is a key aspect in economics as it captures the intuition that the far-away future is not as important as the near…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Munyque Mittelmann , Aniello Murano , Laurent Perrussel

Probabilistic model checking for stochastic games enables formal verification of systems that comprise competing or collaborating entities operating in a stochastic environment. Despite good progress in the area, existing approaches focus…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Marta Kwiatkowska , Gethin Norman , David Parker , Gabriel Santos

Strategic reasoning is a complex yet essential capability for intelligent agents. It requires Large Language Model (LLM) agents to adapt their strategies dynamically in multi-agent environments. Unlike static reasoning tasks, success in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yadong Zhang , Shaoguang Mao , Tao Ge , Xun Wang , Yan Xia , Man Lan , Furu Wei

In this paper, we investigate the probabilistic variants of the strategy logics ATL and ATL* under imperfect information. Specifically, we present novel decidability and complexity results when the model transitions are stochastic and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Francesco Belardinelli , Wojciech Jamroga , Munyque Mittelmann , Aniello Murano

The logic of goal-directed knowing-how extends the standard epistemic logic with an operator of knowing-how. The knowing-how operator is interpreted as that there exists a strategy such that the agent knows that the strategy can make sure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Yanjun Li

Temporal stream logic (TSL) extends LTL with updates and predicates over arbitrary function terms. This allows for specifying data-intensive systems for which LTL is not expressive enough. In the semantics of TSL, functions and predicates…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Bernd Finkbeiner , Philippe Heim , Noemi Passing

Evaluating agentic AI on open-ended professional tasks faces a fundamental dilemma between rigor and flexibility. Static rubrics provide rigorous, reproducible assessment but fail to accommodate diverse valid response strategies, while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lanbo Lin , Jiayao Liu , Tianyuan Yang , Li Cai , Yuanwu Xu , Lei Wei , Sicong Xie , Guannan Zhang

Optimizing high-level mission planning constraints is traditionally solved in exponential time and requires to split the problem into several ones, making the connections between them a convoluted task. This paper aims at generalizing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-11 Thomas Claudet , Davide Martire , Damiana Losa , Francesco Sanfedino , Daniel Alazard

Separation Logic (SL) with inductive definitions is a natural formalism for specifying complex recursive data structures, used in compositional verification of programs manipulating such structures. The key ingredient of any automated…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-02-12 Radu Iosif , Adam Rogalewicz , Tomas Vojnar

Logics with team semantics provide alternative means for logical characterization of complexity classes. Both dependence and independence logic are known to capture non-deterministic polynomial time, and the frontiers of tractability in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Miika Hannula , Lauri Hella

Dynamic epistemic logic (DEL) is a logical framework for representing and reasoning about knowledge change for multiple agents. An important computational task in this framework is the model checking problem, which has been shown to be…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Ronald de Haan , Iris van de Pol

This paper introduces SOLID (Synergizing Optimization and Large Language Models for Intelligent Decision-Making), a novel framework that integrates mathematical optimization with the contextual capabilities of large language models (LLMs).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Yinsheng Wang , Tario G You , Léonard Boussioux , Shan Liu