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The Laplace approximation calls for the computation of second derivatives at the likelihood maximum. When the maximum is found by the EM-algorithm, there is a convenient way to compute these derivatives. The likelihood gradient can be…
We consider mixed finite element approximation of a singularly perturbed fourth-order elliptic problem with two different boundary conditions, and present a new measure of the error, whose components are balanced with respect to the…
We develop fixed-point algorithms for the approximation of structured matrices with rank penalties. In particular we use these fixed-point algorithms for making approximations by sums of exponentials, or frequency estimation. For the basic…
The tracking method based on the extreme learning machine (ELM) is efficient and effective. ELM randomly generates input weights and biases in the hidden layer, and then calculates and computes the output weights by reducing the iterative…
We study the gradient Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm for Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) in the over-parameterized setting, where a general GMM with $n>1$ components learns from data that are generated by a single ground truth…
Improved EM strategies, based on the idea of efficient data augmentation (Meng and van Dyk 1997, 1998), are presented for ML estimation of mixture proportions. The resulting algorithms inherit the simplicity, ease of implementation, and…
We consider a mixed variational formulation recently proposed for the coupling of the Brinkman--Forchheimer and Darcy equations and develop the first reliable and efficient residual-based a posteriori error estimator for the 2D version of…
A Maximum Likelihood recursive state estimator is derived for non-linear and non-Gaussian state-space models. The estimator combines a particle filter to generate the conditional density and the Expectation Maximization algorithm to compute…
Mixed linear regression (MLR) model is among the most exemplary statistical tools for modeling non-linear distributions using a mixture of linear models. When the additive noise in MLR model is Gaussian, Expectation-Maximization (EM)…
We incorporate inertial terms in the hybrid proximal-extragradient algorithm and investigate the convergence properties of the resulting iterative scheme designed for finding the zeros of a maximally monotone operator in real Hilbert…
Many statistical estimators are defined as the fixed point of a data-dependent operator, with estimators based on minimizing a cost function being an important special case. The limiting performance of such estimators depends on the…
Mixture of linear regression is well studied in statistics and machine learning, where the data points are generated probabilistically using $k$ linear models. Algorithms like Expectation Maximization (EM) may be used to recover the ground…
Mini-batch algorithms have become increasingly popular due to the requirement for solving optimization problems, based on large-scale data sets. Using an existing online expectation-{}-maximization (EM) algorithm framework, we demonstrate…
Mixture models have attracted significant attention due to practical effectiveness and comprehensive theoretical foundations. A persisting challenge is model misspecification, which occurs when the model to be fitted has more mixture…
Expectation maximisation (EM) is an unsupervised learning method for estimating the parameters of a finite mixture distribution. It works by introducing "hidden" or "latent" variables via Baum's auxiliary function $Q$ that allow the joint…
We extend the linear mixed-effects state model to accommodate the correlated individuals and investigate its parameter and state estimation based on disturbance smoothing in this paper. For parameter estimation, EM and score based…
We derive an asymptotic expansion for the log likelihood of Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) with equal covariance matrices in the low signal-to-noise regime. The expansion reveals an intimate connection between two types of algorithms for…
In finite mixture models, apart from underlying mixing measure, true kernel density function of each subpopulation in the data is, in many scenarios, unknown. Perhaps the most popular approach is to choose some kernel functions that we…
The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is routinely used for the maximum likelihood estimation in the latent class analysis. However, the EM algorithm comes with no guarantees of reaching the global optimum. We study the geometry of…
Model error covariances play a central role in the performance of data assimilation methods applied to nonlinear state-space models. However, these covariances are largely unknown in most of the applications. A misspecification of the model…