Related papers: Models of the Chisholm set
As machine learning (ML) models become more widely deployed in high-stakes applications, counterfactual explanations have emerged as key tools for providing actionable model explanations in practice. Despite the growing popularity of…
The likelihood function plays a crucial role in statistical inference and experimental design. However, it is computationally intractable for several important classes of statistical models, including energy-based models and simulator-based…
We find conditions equivalent to some commutator identities considered in Part I
We combine several folklore observations to provide a working framework for iterating constructions which contradict the axiom of choice. We use this to define a model in which any kind of structural failure must fail with a proper class of…
It is shown that, for isolated many-electron Coulomb systems with Coulombic external potentials, the usual reductio ad absurdum proof of the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem is unsatisfactory since the to-be-refuted assumption made about the…
We study the P versus NP problem through properties of functions and monoids, continuing the work of [3]. Here we consider inverse monoids whose properties and relationships determine whether P is different from NP, or whether injective…
We review recent developments in models of fermion masses and mixing for both quark and lepton sectors. Emphases are given to models based on finite group family symmetries. In particular, we describe one recent model based on SU(5)…
Defeasible reasoning is a kind of reasoning where some generalisations may not be valid in all circumstances, that is general conclusions may fail in some cases. Various formalisms have been developed to model this kind of reasoning, which…
Optical spectroscopies are most often used to probe dynamical correlations in materials, but they are also a probe of symmetry. Polarization anisotropies are of course sensitive to structural anisotropies, but have been much less used as a…
A version of Bohm's model incorporating retrocausality is presented, the aim being to explain the nonlocality of Bell's theorem while maintaining Lorentz invariance in the underlying ontology. The strengths and weaknesses of this…
A framework for wave function collapse models that is symmetric under time reversal is presented. Within this framework there are equivalent pictures of collapsing wave functions evolving in both time directions. The backwards-in-time Born…
As machine learning models are increasingly used in critical decision-making settings (e.g., healthcare, finance), there has been a growing emphasis on developing methods to explain model predictions. Such \textit{explanations} are used to…
Ontological models, as used in the generalised contextuality literature, play a central role in current research on quantum foundations, providing a framework for defining classicality, constructing classical analogues of key quantum…
In this work, we introduce a new two component fifth-order bi-Hamiltonian sys- tem admitting the scalar Kupershmidt equation as a reduction.
Counterfactual instances offer human-interpretable insight into the local behaviour of machine learning models. We propose a general framework to generate sparse, in-distribution counterfactual model explanations which match a desired…
The set-theoretical model of Goedel's system T is not fully abstract. We also briefly discuss fully abstract models of system T.
Credit assignment in reinforcement learning is the problem of measuring an action's influence on future rewards. In particular, this requires separating skill from luck, i.e. disentangling the effect of an action on rewards from that of…
Model interpretability has become an important problem in machine learning (ML) due to the increased effect that algorithmic decisions have on humans. Counterfactual explanations can help users understand not only why ML models make certain…
The aim of this short note is to give counterexamples to two results by D. Y. Gao [5, Th. 16], [4, Th. 2] and to improve a related result by S.-C. Fang, D. Y. Gao, R.-L. Sheu and S.-Y. Wu [1, Th. 3].
We present a collection of examples in various aspects of the one-dimensional cutting stock problem ('1D-CSP'). Based on our 37+ year experience in this area, we discuss some modelling pitfalls and counterexamples.