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We consider two straightforward rules that govern the stochastic choice in a single quantum mechanical event. They are shown to lead to absurd results if an objective state reduction is allowed to compete with an observer state reduction.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Richard A. Mould

Almost a century after the development of quantum mechanics, we still do not have a consensus on the process of collapse of wavefunctions. Some theories require the intervention of a conscious observer while some see it as a stochastic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-11 Arnab Acharya , Pratik Jeware , Soumitro Banerjee

We show that one may interpret physical reality as random fields in space-time. These have a probability given by the expectation of a coherent state projection operator, called the Q-function. The resulting dynamical evolution includes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-20 Peter D. Drummond , Margaret D. Reid

The linearity of quantum mechanics leads, under the assumption that the wave function offers a complete description of reality, to grotesque situations famously known as Schroedinger's cat. Ways out are either adding elements of reality or…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-02 A. Bassi , D. Duerr , G. Hinrichs

Three postulates are discussed: first that well-defined properties cannot be assigned to an isolated system, secondly that quantum unitary evolution is atemporal, and thirdly that some physical processes are never reversed. It is argued…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andrew M. Steane

The decoherence interpretation of quantum measurements is applied to Wigner's friend experiments. A framework in which all the experimental outcomes arise from unitary evolutions is proposed. Within it, a measurement is not completed until…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-25 Armando Relaño

This note starts with a recapitulation of what people call the ``Measurement Problem'' of Quantum Mechanics (QM). The dissipative nature of the quantum-mechanical time-evolution of averages of states over large ensembles of identical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Jürg Fröhlich , Alessandro Pizzo

The measurement postulate of quantum theory stands in conflict with the laws of thermodynamics and has evoked debate regarding what actually constitutes a measurement. With the help of modern quantum statistical mechanics, we take the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-16 Emanuel Schwarzhans , Felix C. Binder , Marcus Huber , Maximilian P. E. Lock

A thought experiment is considered on observation of instantaneous collapse of an extended wave packet. According to relativity of simultaneity, such a collapse being instantaneous in some reference frame must be a lasting process in other…

General Physics · Physics 2021-03-16 Moses Fayngold

A theory of quantum measurement was introduced some time ago that was based on the notion of the so-called separation status. This separation status had a spatial, local character, so that the theory worked only in special cases.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-14 Petr Hajicek

A quantum theory of the universe consists of a theory of its quantum dynamics and a theory of its quantum state The theory predicts quantum multiverses in the form of decoherent sets of alternative histories describing the evolution of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-29 James B. Hartle

A succinct statement and justification of all the principles necessary to understand and evaluate interpretations of quantum mechanics is given. These principles provide strong constraints on interpretations. They imply the particle-like…

General Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Casey Blood

The initial conditions of our universe appear to us in the form of a classical probability distribution that we probe with cosmological observations. In the current leading paradigm, this probability distribution arises from a quantum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 Harry Goodhew , Sadra Jazayeri , Mang Hei Gordon Lee , Enrico Pajer

We examine the entanglement and state disturbance arising in a protective measurement and argue that these inescapable effects doom the claim that protective measurement establishes the reality of the wave function. An additional challenge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-31 Maximilian Schlosshauer , Tangereen V. B. Claringbold

The idea that wave-function collapse is a physical process stems from a misunderstanding of probability and the role it plays in quantum mechanics.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-23 N. David Mermin

We reconsider a well known problem of quantum theory, i.e. the so called measurement (or macro-objectification) problem, and we rederive the fact that it gives rise to serious problems of interpretation. The novelty of our approach derives…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Angelo Bassi , GianCarlo Ghirardi

In order to relate the probabilistic predictions of quantum theory uniquely to measurement results, one has to conceive of an ensemble of identically prepared copies of the quantum system under study. Since the universe is the total domain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Helmut Fink , Hajo Leschke

We consider a continuous measurement of a two-level system (double-dot) by weakly coupled detector (tunnel point contact nearby). While usual treatment leads to the gradual system decoherence due to the measurement, we show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Alexander N. Korotkov

The traditional, standard approach to quantum theory is to assume that the theory ``really'' contains only unitary physical dynamics--i.e., that the only physically quantifiable evolution is that given by the time-dependent Schrodinger…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 R. E. Kastner

One of the main postulates of quantum mechanics is that measurements destroy quantum coherence (wave function collapse). Recently it was discovered that in a many-body system dilute local measurements still preserve some coherence across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Aleksei Khindanov , Igor L. Aleiner , Lara Faoro , Lev B. Ioffe