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We estimate character sums with n!, on average, and individually. These bounds are used to derive new results about various congruences modulo a prime p and obtain new information about the spacings between quadratic nonresidues modulo p.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Moubariz Z. Garaev , Florian Luca , Igor E. Shparlinski

Let $C_n$ be the $n$th Catalan number. For any prime $p \geq 5$ we show that the set $\{C_n : n \in \mathbb{N} \}$ contains all residues mod $p$. In addition all residues are attained infinitely often. Any positive integer can be expressed…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-09 Rob Burns

In this paper we study some products related to quadratic residues and quartic residues modulo primes. Let $p$ be an odd prime and let $A$ be any integer. We mainly determine completely the product $$f_p(A):=\prod_{1\le i,j\le(p-1)/2\atop…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-11 Zhi-Wei Sun

Let $\Bbb Z$ be the set of integers, and let $(m,n)$ be the greatest common divisor of integers $m$ and $n$. Let $p\equiv 1\mod 4$ be a prime, $q\in\Bbb Z$, $2\nmid q$ and $p=c^2+d^2=x^2+qy^2$ with $c,d,x,y\in\Bbb Z$ and $c\e 1\mod 4$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-09-24 Zhi-Hong Sun

When $k>1$ and $n$ is the product of the smallest $k$ primes, the $(k+1)$-st smallest prime is the least divisor exceeding $1$ of $n^{n^n}-1$. This variant of Euclid's prime generator is discussed with some of its cousins.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-14 Trevor D. Wooley

Erdos conjectured that every odd number greater than one can be expressed as the sum of a squarefree number and a power of two. Subsequently, Odlyzko and McCranie provided numerical verification of this conjecture up to $10^7$ and $1.4\cdot…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-05 Christian Hercher

In this paper, it is established that every sufficiently large positive integer $n$ subject to $n\equiv0\pmod2$ can be represented as a sum of one square of prime and seventeen fifth powers of primes, which gives an enhancement upon the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Min Zhang , Jinjiang Li , Fei Xue

A positive square-free integer is called a \textit{congruent number} if it arises as the area of a right triangle with rational side lengths. Let $ n = p_1p_2 \cdots p_t q $ be a square-free integer, where each $ p_i \equiv 1 \pmod{8} $ and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-28 Shamik Das , Sudipa Mondal

For two relatively prime square-free positive integers $a$ and $b$, we study integers of the form $a p+b P_{2}$ and give a new lower bound for the number of such representations, where $a p$ and $b P_{2}$ are both square-free, $p$ denote a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-20 Runbo Li

In this note, we use integral binary cubic forms to study the rational cube sum problem. We prove (unconditionally) that for any positive integer $d$, infinitely many primes in each of the residue classes $ 1 \pmod {9d}$ as well as $ -1…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-03 Somnath Jha , Dipramit Majumdar , B. Sury

Let $p$ be a large prime, and let $k\ll \log p$. A new proof of the existence of any pattern of $k$ consecutive quadratic residues and quadratic nonresidues is introduced in this note. Further, an application to the least quadratic…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-12-29 N. A. Carella

The subset of quadratic primes {p = an^2 + bn + c : n => 1} generated by an irreducible polynomial f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c over the integers is widely believed to be an unbounded subset of prime numbers. This note provides the details of a…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2015-04-03 N. A. Carella

In a paper published by this author in www.academia.edu(see reference[3]), it was established that there exist no three positive integers which are consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression; and whose sum of squares is a perfect or…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2013-11-27 Konstantine Zelator

Fix $a \in \mathbb{Z}$, $a\notin \{0,\pm 1\}$. A simple argument shows that for each $\epsilon > 0$, and almost all (asymptotically 100% of) primes $p$, the multiplicative order of $a$ modulo $p$ exceeds $p^{\frac12-\epsilon}$. It is an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Komal Agrawal , Paul Pollack

$ $The aim of this thesis is to lower the bound on square-free primitive roots modulo primes. Let $g^{\Box}(p)$ be the least square-free primitive root modulo $p$. We have proven the following two theorems. Theorem 0.1. $$g^{\Box}(p) <…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Morgan Hunter

We show that every sufficiently large integer is a sum of a prime and two almost prime squares, and also a sum of a smooth number and two almost prime squares. The number of such representations is of the expected order of magnitude. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-23 Valentin Blomer , Lasse Grimmelt , Junxian Li , Simon L. Rydin Myerson

In the paper we can prove that every integer can be written as the sum of two integers, one perfect square and one squarefree. We also establish the asympotic formula for the number of representations of an integer in this form. The result…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-30 Jorge Urroz

In this paper, it is proved that every sufficiently large even integer can be represented as the sum of two squares of primes, two cubes of primes, two biquadrates of primes and 16 powers of 2. Furthermore, there are at least 5.313% odd…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-04 Yuhui Liu

We study a question of Harju from 2019 regarding the existence of infinite ternary square-free words whose subsequences modulo $p$ and $q$ are also square-free for relatively prime integers $p$ and $q$. Among such pairs $(p, q)$ with $p, q…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Thomas Delépine , Pascal Ochem , Matthieu Rosenfeld

In the present paper we prove that for any fixed $1<c<7/6$ there exist infinitely many consecutive square-free numbers of the form $[n^c], [n^c]+1$ and we also establish an asymptotic formula in given interval.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-28 S. I. Dimitrov