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An important goal of precision medicine is to personalize medical treatment by identifying individuals who are most likely to benefit from a specific treatment. The Likely Responder (LR) framework, which identifies a subpopulation where…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-13 Annan Deng , Carole Siegel , Hyung G. Park

Decision makers, such as doctors and judges, make crucial decisions such as recommending treatments to patients, and granting bails to defendants on a daily basis. Such decisions typically involve weighting the potential benefits of taking…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-24 Himabindu Lakkaraju , Cynthia Rudin

In many medical and business applications, researchers are interested in estimating individualized treatment effects using data from a randomized experiment. For example in medical applications, doctors learn the treatment effects from…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-03-01 Kevin Wu Han , Han Wu

To achieve the goal of providing the best possible care to each patient, physicians need to customize treatments for patients with the same diagnosis, especially when treating diseases that can progress further and require additional…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-25 Xiao Li , Brent R Logan , S M Ferdous Hossain , Erica E M Moodie

Algorithms and technologies are essential tools that pervade all aspects of our daily lives. In the last decades, health care research benefited from new computer-based recruiting methods, the use of federated architectures for data…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Chiara Criscuolo , Tommaso Dolci , Mattia Salnitri

With the advancement in drug development, multiple treatments are available for a single disease. Patients can often benefit from taking multiple treatments simultaneously. For example, patients in Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)…

Applications · Statistics 2018-04-17 Muxuan Liang , Ye Ting , Haoda Fu

In cluster analysis interest lies in probabilistically capturing partitions of individuals, items or observations into groups, such that those belonging to the same group share similar attributes or relational profiles. Bayesian posterior…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-03-23 Riccardo Rastelli , Nial Friel

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTRs) are personalized, adaptive, multi-stage treatment plans that adapt treatment decisions both to an individual's initial features and to intermediate outcomes and features at each subsequent stage, which are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-22 Yichun Hu , Nathan Kallus

For mental disorders, patients' underlying mental states are non-observed latent constructs which have to be inferred from observed multi-domain measurements such as diagnostic symptoms and patient functioning scores. Additionally,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Yuan Chen , Donglin Zeng , Tianchen Xu , Yuanjia Wang

We consider the problem of selecting the optimal subgroup to treat when data on covariates is available from a randomized trial or observational study. We distinguish between four different settings including (i) treatment selection when…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-28 Tyler J. VanderWeele , Alex R. Luedtke , Mark J. van der Laan , Ronald C. Kessler

This work considers the problem of personalized dose guidance using Bayesian optimization that learns the optimum drug dose tailored to each individual, thus improving therapeutic outcomes. Safe learning using interior point method ensures…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Dinesh Krishnamoorthy , Francis J. Doyle

Decision makers, such as doctors and judges, make crucial decisions such as recommending treatments to patients, and granting bails to defendants on a daily basis. Such decisions typically involve weighting the potential benefits of taking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Himabindu Lakkaraju , Cynthia Rudin

An individualized dose rule recommends a dose level within a continuous safe dose range based on patient level information such as physical conditions, genetic factors and medication histories. Traditionally, personalized dose finding…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-21 Liangyu Zhu , Wenbin Lu , Michael R. Kosorok , Rui Song

Precision medicine seeks to discover an optimal personalized treatment plan and thereby provide informed and principled decision support, based on the characteristics of individual patients. With recent advancements in medical imaging, it…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-26 Xinyi Li , Michael R. Kosorok

Active learning is usually applied to acquire labels of informative data points in supervised learning, to maximize accuracy in a sample-efficient way. However, maximizing the accuracy is not the end goal when the results are used for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-22 Louis Filstroff , Iiris Sundin , Petrus Mikkola , Aleksei Tiulpin , Juuso Kylmäoja , Samuel Kaski

Sequential change diagnosis is the joint problem of detection and identification of a sudden and unobservable change in the distribution of a random sequence. In this problem, the common probability law of a sequence of i.i.d. random…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-10-29 Savas Dayanik , Christian Goulding , H. Vincent Poor

Clinical trials involving multiple treatments utilize randomization of the treatment assignments to enable the evaluation of treatment efficacies in an unbiased manner. Such evaluation is performed in post hoc studies that usually use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Yogatheesan Varatharajah , Brent Berry , Sanmi Koyejo , Ravishankar Iyer

Medication recommendation systems have gained significant attention in healthcare as a means of providing tailored and effective drug combinations based on patients' clinical information. However, existing approaches often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zihao Zhao , Yi Jing , Fuli Feng , Jiancan Wu , Chongming Gao , Xiangnan He

Optimal treatment regimes (OTR) are individualised treatment assignment strategies that identify a medical treatment as optimal given all background information available on the individual. We discuss Bayes optimal treatment regimes…

Learning personalized cancer treatment with machine learning holds great promise to improve cancer patients' chance of survival. Despite recent advances in machine learning and precision oncology, this approach remains challenging as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Mingyu Lu , Yifang Chen , Su-In Lee