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We show that, in cosmological microlensing, corrections of order $v/c \sim \Delta\lambda/\lambda$, to the deflection angle of light beams from a distant source are not negligible and that all microlensing quantities should be corrected up…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. Capozziello , G. Lambiase , G. Papini , G. Scarpetta

Recent studies of gradient descent with large step sizes have shown that there is often a regime with an initial increase in the largest eigenvalue of the loss Hessian (progressive sharpening), followed by a stabilization of the eigenvalue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Atish Agarwala , Fabian Pedregosa , Jeffrey Pennington

A new type of perturbative expansion is built in order to give a rigorous derivation and to clarify the range of validity of some commonly used model equations. This model describes the evolution of the modulation of two short and localized…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-26 Herve Leblond

In a recent paper, we have a shown that the flattening of galactic rotation curves can be explained by retardation. However, this will rely on a temporal change of galactic mass. In our previous work, we kept only second order terms of the…

General Physics · Physics 2021-08-19 Asher Yahalom

We study second-order cosmological perturbations in scalar-tensor models of dark energy that satisfy local gravity constraints, including f(R) gravity. We derive equations for matter fluctuations under a sub-horizon approximation and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-10-12 Takayuki Tatekawa , Shinji Tsujikawa

This is a general work on gravitational lensing. We present new expressions for the optical scalars and the deflection angle in terms of the energy-momentum tensor components of matter distributions. Our work generalizes standard references…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-12 Emanuel Gallo , Osvaldo M. Moreschi

We present a framework that reformulates gravitational lensing as an optical phenomenon governed by an effective refractive index, enabling exploration of modified gravity theories using undergraduate-level mathematics and optics. After…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-09 Romy Hanang Setya Budhi

We present a covariant and gauge invariant formalism suited to the study of second-order effects associated with higher order tensor perturbations. The analytical method we have developed enables us to characterize pure second-order tensor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-04 Bob Osano

The derivative expansion approach to the calculation of the interaction between two surfaces, is a generalization of the proximity force approximation, a technique of widespread use in different areas of physics. The derivative expansion…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 C. D. Fosco , F. C. Lombardo , F. D. Mazzitelli

The perturbation theory expansion presented earlier to describe the phase-ordering kinetics in the case of a nonconserved scalar order parameter is generalized to the case of the $n$-vector model. At lowest order in this expansion, as in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Gene F. Mazenko

Flexion-based weak gravitational lensing analysis is proving to be a useful adjunct to traditional shear-based techniques. As flexion arises from gradients across an image, analytic and numerical techniques are required to investigate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Christopher J. Fluke , Paul D. Lasky

In the $\Lambda$CDM framework, presenting nonrelativistic matter inhomogeneities as discrete massive particles, we develop the second-order cosmological perturbation theory. Our approach relies on the weak gravitational field limit. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-11 Ruslan Brilenkov , Maxim Eingorn

We develop a theory of nonlinear cosmological perturbations on superhorizon scales where a characteristic length scale of perturbations is longer than the Hubble radius, in general theoretical frameworks. Our formalism is based on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-24 Yu-ichi Takamizu

Todays astrometry has reached the micro-arcsecond level in angular measurements of celestial objects. The next generations of astrometric facilities are aiming at the sub-micro-arcsecond scale. Sub-micro-arcsecond astrometry requires a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-07 Sven Zschocke

We develop a second-order cosmological perturbation theory on a background geometry expressed in terms of light-cone coordinates, extending the first-order analyses available in the literature. In particular, we investigate the gauge…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-30 Pierre Béchaz , Giuseppe Fanizza , Giovanni Marozzi , Matheus R. Medeiros Silva

We develop a dark-sector selective trace-coupled extension of gravity in which the matter--curvature coupling depends exclusively on the trace of the dark-matter energy--momentum tensor, $T_{\chi}$, defined from a canonical dark-matter…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-26 L. Yildiz , D. Kayki , E. Gudekli

We present a quasi-analytic perturbation expansion for multivariate N-dimensional Gaussian integrals. The perturbation expansion is an infinite series of lower-dimensional integrals (one-dimensional in the simplest approximation). This…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan W. Dash

This work is an application of the second order gauge theory for the Lorentz group, where a description of the gravitational interaction is obtained which includes derivatives of the curvature. We analyze the form of the second field…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-02-24 R. R. Cuzinatto , C. A. M. de Melo , L. G. Medeiros , P. J. Pompeia

We consider general, non-linear curvature perturbations on scales greater than the Hubble horizon scale by invoking an expansion in spatial gradients, the so-called gradient expansion. After reviewing the basic properties of the gradient…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-09 Misao Sasaki

Quasi-Newton methods refer to a class of algorithms at the interface between first and second order methods. They aim to progress as substantially as second order methods per iteration, while maintaining the computational complexity of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Shida Wang , Jalal Fadili , Peter Ochs