Related papers: Jaco-Type Graphs and Black Energy Dissipation

Gutman and Wagner proposed the concept of the matching energy (ME) and pointed out that the chemical applications of ME go back to the 1970s. Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$ and $\mu_1,\mu_2,\ldots,\mu_n$ be the roots of its matching…

The directed power graph $\vec{\mathcal P}(\mathbf G)$ of a group $\mathbf G$ is the simple digraph with vertex set $G$ such that $x\rightarrow y$ if $y$ is a power of $x$. The power graph of $\mathbf G$, denoted by $\mathcal P(\mathbf G)$,…

Let $G$ be a group. The \emph{power graph} of $G$ is a graph with the vertex set $G$, having an edge between two elements whenever one is a power of the other. We characterize nilpotent groups whose power graphs have finite independence…

A spinning black hole with a much smaller black hole companion forms a fundamental gravitational system, like a colossal classical analog to an atom. In an appealing if imperfect analogy to atomic physics, this gravitational atom can be…

We present a description of the energy loss of a charged particle moving parallel to a graphene layer and graphene double layers. Specifically, we compare the stopping power of the plasma oscillations for these two configurations in the…

Let $G$ be a simple undirected graph, and $G^\sigma$ be an oriented graph of $G$ with the orientation $\sigma$ and skew-adjacency matrix $S(G^\sigma)$. The skew energy of the oriented graph $G^\sigma$, denoted by $\mathcal{E}_S(G^\sigma)$,…

The energy and iota energy of signed digraphs are respectively defined as the sum of absolute values of real parts and sum of absolute values of imaginary parts of its eigenvalues. Recently, Yang and Wang (2018) find the energy and iota…

In this paper, we investigate certain graphs defined on groups, with a focus on infinite groups. The graphs discussed are the power graph, the enhanced power graph, and the commuting graph whose vertex set is a group $G$. The power graph is…

In this paper, we consider the Randi\'{c} energy $RE$ of simple connected graphs. We provide upper bounds for $RE$ in terms of the number of vertices and the nullity of the graph. We present families of graphs that satisfy the Conjecture…

Let $G$ be a graph and let $J=I_c(G)$ be its ideal of covers. The aims of this work are to study the {\rm v}-number ${\rm v}(J)$ of $J$ and to study when $J$ is linearly presented using combinatorics and commutative algebra. We classify…

The energy of a graph $G$, denoted by $E(G)$, is defined as the sum of the absolute values of all eigenvalues of $G$. Let $n$ be an even number and $\mathbb{U}_{n}$ be the set of all conjugated unicyclic graphs of order $n$ with maximum…

Given a graph $G$, let $G^\sigma$ be an oriented graph of $G$ with the orientation $\sigma$ and skew-adjacency matrix $S(G^\sigma)$. The skew energy of the oriented graph $G^\sigma$, denoted by $\mathcal{E}_S(G^\sigma)$, is defined as the…

For any directed graph G with vertex set V, the graph G^(d) is said to be a subset power of G and is defined to have vertex set equal to the set of d-element subsets of V; in G^(d), there is an edge from A to B if and only if we can label…

The power graph $\mathcal P_G$ of a finite group $G$ is the graph with the vertex set $G$, where two elements are adjacent if one is a power of the other. We first show that $\mathcal P_G$ has an transitive orientation, so it is a perfect…

Graph neural networks are a popular variant of neural networks that work with graph-structured data. In this work, we consider combining graph neural networks with the energy-based view of Grathwohl et al. (2019) with the aim of obtaining a…

The (proper) power graph of a group is a graph whose vertex set is the set of all (nontrivial) elements of the group and two distinct vertices are adjacent if one is a power of the other. Various kinds of planarity of (proper) power graphs…

Let $0<\ell\in\mathbb{Z}$. The notion of an efficient dominating set or perfect code $S$ of a graph $G$ is generalized to that of an efficient dominating$\,^\ell$-set or perfect$^\ell$code, of the graph $G$, meaning that each vertex $v$ of…

Given a group $G$, the enhanced power graph of $G$ denoted by $\mathcal{G}_e(G)$, is the graph with vertex set $G$ and two distinct vertices $x, y$ are edge connected in $\mathcal{G}_e(G)$ if there exists $z\in G $ such that $x=z^m$ and $…

The concept of energy of a signed digraph is extended to iota energy of a signed digraph. The energy of a signed digraph $S$ is defined by $E(S)=\sum_{k=1}^n|\text{Re}(z_k)|$, where $\text{Re}(z_k)$ is the real part of eigenvalue $z_k$ and…

The fundamental theory of energy networks in different energy forms is established following an in-depth analysis of the nature of energy for comprehensive energy utilization. The definition of an energy network is given. Combining the…