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We give a new representation as tempered distribution for the energy-momentum tensor of a system of charged point-particles, which is free from divergent self-interactions, manifestly Lorentz-invariant and symmetric, and conserved. We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 K. Lechner , P. A. Marchetti

For electromagnetic field theories, canonical energy-momentum conservation laws can be derived from the underpinning spacetime translation symmetry according to the Noether procedure. However, the canonical Energy-Momentum Tensors (EMTs)…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-07-21 Peifeng Fan , Jianyuan Xiao , Hong Qin

Several energy-momentum "tensors" of gravitational field are considered and compared in the lowest approximation. Each of them together with energy-momentum tensor of point-like particles satisfies the conservation laws when equation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. I. Nikishov

We consider a complex covariant form of the macroscopic Maxwell equations, in a moving medium or at rest, following the original ideas of Minkowski. A compact, Lorentz invariant, derivation of the energy-momentum tensor and the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-05-24 Sergey I. Kryuchkov , Nathan A. Lanfear , Sergei K. Suslov

We give an introduction to, and review of, the energy-momentum tensors in classical gauge field theories in Minkowski space, and to some extent also in curved space-time. For the canonical energy-momentum tensor of non-Abelian gauge fields…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-21 Daniel N. Blaschke , Francois Gieres , Meril Reboud , Manfred Schweda

We recently developed a local description of the energy, momentum and angular momentum carried by the linearized gravitational field, wherein the gravitational energy-momentum tensor displays positive energy-density and causal energy-flux,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-10-03 Luke M. Butcher , Michael Hobson , Anthony Lasenby

Two distinct energy-momentum tensors of the theory of weak gravity and spinor quantum mechanics are analyzed with respect to their four-divergence and expectation values of energy. The first energy-momentum tensor is obtained by a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-24 Dalibor Javůrek

Arbitrary diffeomorphically invariant metric-torsion theories of gravity are considered. It is assumed that Lagrangians of such theories contain derivatives of field variables (tensor densities of arbitrary ranks and weights) up to a second…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-07-02 Robert R. Lompay , Alexander N. Petrov

Starting from covariant expressions, a gauge independent separation of orbital and spin angular momentum for electrodynamics is presented. This results from the non-symmetric canonical energy momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field.…

Optics · Physics 2017-06-27 Richard T. Hammond

We investigate the connection between stress-energy tensor (SET) arising from Noether's theorem and Belinfante SET which can be obtained as a right-hand side of the Einstein's equation in the flat metric limit. This question is studied in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-31 R. V. Ilin , S. A. Paston

We present a general algorithm constructing a discretization of a classical field theory from a Lagrangian. We prove a new discrete Noether theorem relating symmetries to conservation laws and an energy conservation theorem not based on any…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Mikhail Skopenkov

We will provide detailed arguments showing that the set of Maxwell equations, and the corresponding wave equations, do not properly describe the evolution of electromagnetic wave-fronts. We propose a nonlinear corrected version that is…

General Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 D. Funaro

We extend the Einstein-aether theory to include the Maxwell field in a nontrivial manner by taking into account its interaction with the time-like unit vector field characterizing the aether. We also include a generic matter term. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-08-27 Alexander B. Balakin , José P. S. Lemos

We review the Lagrangian formulation of Noether symmetries (as well as "generalized Noether symmetries") in the framework of Calculus of Variations in Jet Bundles, with a special attention to so-called "Natural Theories" and "Gauge-Natural…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-01-19 L. Fatibene , M. Francaviglia , S. Mercadante

The purely affine Lagrangian for linear electrodynamics, that has the form of the Maxwell Lagrangian in which the metric tensor is replaced by the symmetrized Ricci tensor and the electromagnetic field tensor by the tensor of homothetic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-08 Nikodem J. Poplawski

Recent research has highlighted the non-uniqueness problem of energy-momentum tensors in linearized gravity; many different tensors are published in the literature, yet for particular calculations a unique expression is required. It has…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-04-13 Mark Robert Baker

In this work, we investigate the structure and properties of the canonical energy momentum tensor (EMT) across a range of field theories. We begin by developing a unified and systematic method that naturally yields the canonical EMT for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-09 Peir-Ru Wang

Noether's theorem is reviewed with a particular focus on an intermediate step between global and local gauge and coordinate transformations, namely linear transformations. We rederive the well known result that global symmetry leads to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Leclerc

Motivated by a special consideration in quantum measurement, we present a new improved energy-momentum tensor. The new tensor differs from the traditional canonical and symmetric ones, and can be derived as Nother current from a Lagrangian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-03-06 Tao Lei , Zi-Wei Chen , Zhen-Lai Wang , Xiang-Song Chen*

In a flat background, the canonical energy momentum tensor of Lorentz and conformally invariant matter field theories can be improved to a symmetric and traceless tensor that gives the same conserved charges. We argue that the geometric…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-09 Damianos Iosifidis , Manthos Karydas , Anastasios Petkou , Konstantinos Siampos