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We use cosmological simulations of reionization to predict the possible signal from the redshifted 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen in the pre-reionization era and to investigate the observability of this signal. We show that the separation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Peter A. Shaver

Distribution of cold gas in the post-reionization era provides an important link between distribution of galaxies and the process of star formation. Redshifted 21 cm radiation from the Hyperfine transition of neutral Hydrogen allows us to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-22 Bharat Kumar Gehlot , Jasjeet Singh Bagla

The cosmic 21-cm signal promises to revolutionize studies of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Radio interferometers are aiming for a preliminary, low signal-to-noise (S/N) detection of the 21-cm power spectrum. Cross-correlating 21-cm with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-09 Samuel Gagnon-Hartman , James E. Davies , Andrei Mesinger

21-cm intensity mapping (IM) is a powerful technique to probe the large-scale distribution of neutral hydrogen (HI) and extract cosmological information such as the baryon acoustic oscillation feature. A key challenge lies in recovering the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-24 Zitong Wang , Feng Shi , Le Zhang , Yanming Liu , Xiaoping Li , Shulei Ni , Ming Jiang , Xiaofan Ma

We present a formalism to extract the EoR HI power spectrum for drift scans using radio interferometers. Our main aim is to determine the coherence time scale of time-ordered visibilities. We compute the two-point correlation function of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-08 Akash Kumar Patwa , Shiv Sethi

After reionization, neutral hydrogen (HI) traces the large-scale structure (LSS) of the Universe, enabling HI intensity mapping (IM) to capture the LSS in 3D and constrain key cosmological parameters. We present a new framework utilizing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-10 Eishica Chand , Arka Banerjee , Simon Foreman , Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro

The 21-cm brightness-temperature field of neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionization and Cosmic Dawn is a rich source of cosmological and astrophysical information, primarily due to its significant non-Gaussian features. However, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-12 Bohdan Bidenko , Léon V. E. Koopmans , P. Daniel Meerburg

We propose an innovative method for measuring the neutral hydrogen (HI) content of an optically-selected spectroscopic sample of galaxies through cross-correlation with HI intensity mapping measurements. We show that the HI-galaxy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-07-26 L. Wolz , C. Blake , J. S. B. Wyithe

Observations of the high-redshift Universe using the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen and complimentary emission lines from the first galaxies promise to open a new door for our understanding of the epoch of reionization. We present…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-13 Sebastian Dumitru , Girish Kulkarni , Guilaine Lagache , Martin G. Haehnelt

We report the first direct detection of the cosmological power spectrum using the intensity signal from 21-cm emission of neutral hydrogen (HI), derived from interferometric observations with the L-band receivers of the new MeerKAT radio…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-01-31 Sourabh Paul , Mario G. Santos , Zhaoting Chen , Laura Wolz

Probing statistical distribution of the neutral hydrogen (\HI) using the redshifted 21-cm hyperfine-transition spectral line holds the key to understand the formation and evolution of the matter density in the universe. The two-point…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-24 Urvashi Arora , Prasun Dutta

Accurate beam modeling is important in many radio astronomy applications. In this paper, we focus on beam modeling for 21-cm intensity mapping experiments using radio interferometers, though the techniques also apply to single dish…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-16 Michael J. Wilensky , Philip Bull , Nicolas Fagnoni

The Ly-alpha absorption spectrum of the highest redshift quasars indicates that they are surrounded by giant HII regions, a few Mpc in size. The neutral gas around these HII regions should emit 21cm radiation in excess of the Cosmic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Stuart Wyithe , Abraham Loeb

The sky-averaged (global) highly redshifted 21-cm spectrum from neutral hydrogen is expected to appear in the VHF range of $\sim20-200$ MHz and its spectral shape and strength are determined by the heating properties of the first stars and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-24 Keith Tauscher , David Rapetti , Jack O. Burns , Eric R. Switzer

The high-redshift 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is a promising observational probe of the early universe. Current- and next-generation radio interferometers such as the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-13 Paul La Plante , Adam Lidz , James Aguirre , Saul Kohn

The high-redshift 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen is expected to be observed within the next decade and will reveal epochs of cosmic evolution that have been previously inaccessible. Due to the lack of observations, many of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-16 Aviad Cohen , Anastasia Fialkov , Rennan Barkana

Using the Livermore X-ray Spectral Synthesizer, which calculates spectral models of highly charged ions based primarily on HULLAC atomic data, we investigate the temperature, density, and photoexcitation dependence of the I(11.92 A)/I(11.77…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Christopher W. Mauche , Duane A. Liedahl , Kevin B. Fournier

The redshifted 21-cm signal from the epoch of reionization (EoR) directly probes the ionization and thermal states of the intergalactic medium during that period. In particular, the distribution of the ionized regions around the radiating…

In Very-Long Baseline Interferometric arrays, nearly co-located stations probe the largest scales and typically cannot resolve the observed source. In the absence of large-scale structure, closure phases constructed with these stations are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-06 Boris Georgiev , Paul Tiede , Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg , Michael Janssen , Iniyan Natarajan , Lindy Blackburn , Jongho Park , Erandi Chavez , Andrew T. West , Kotaro Moriyama , Jun Yi Koay , Hendrik Müller , Dhanya G. Nair , Avery E. Broderick , Maciek Wielgus , Kazunori Akiyama , Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruíz , Antxon Alberdi , Walter Alef , Juan Carlos Algaba , Richard Anantua , Keiichi Asada , Rebecca Azulay , Uwe Bach , Anne-Kathrin Baczko , David Ball , Mislav Baloković , Bidisha Bandyopadhyay , John Barrett , Michi Bauböck , Bradford A. Benson , Dan Bintley , Raymond Blundell , Katherine L. Bouman , Geoffrey C. Bower , Michael Bremer , Roger Brissenden , Silke Britzen , Dominique Broguiere , Thomas Bronzwaer , Sandra Bustamante , Douglas F. Carlos , John E. Carlstrom , Andrew Chael , Chi-kwan Chan , Dominic O. Chang , Koushik Chatterjee , Shami Chatterjee , Ming-Tang Chen , Yongjun Chen , Xiaopeng Cheng , Paul Chichura , Ilje Cho , Pierre Christian , Nicholas S. Conroy , John E. Conway , Thomas M. Crawford , Geoffrey B. Crew , Alejandro Cruz-Osorio , Yuzhu Cui , Brandon Curd , Rohan Dahale , Jordy Davelaar , Mariafelicia De Laurentis , Roger Deane , Gregory Desvignes , Jason Dexter , Vedant Dhruv , Indu K. Dihingia , Sheperd S. Doeleman , Sergio A. Dzib , Ralph P. Eatough , Razieh Emami , Heino Falcke , Joseph Farah , Vincent L. Fish , Edward Fomalont , H. Alyson Ford , Marianna Foschi , Raquel Fraga-Encinas , William T. Freeman , Per Friberg , Christian M. Fromm , Antonio Fuentes , Peter Galison , Charles F. Gammie , Roberto García , Olivier Gentaz , Ciriaco Goddi , Roman Gold , Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz , José L. Gómez , Minfeng Gu , Mark Gurwell , Kazuhiro Hada , Daryl Haggard , Ronald Hesper , Dirk Heumann , Luis C. Ho , Paul Ho , Mareki Honma , Chih-Wei L. Huang , Lei Huang , David H. Hughes , Shiro Ikeda , C. M. Violette Impellizzeri , Makoto Inoue , Sara Issaoun , David J. James , Buell T. Jannuzi , Britton Jeter , Wu Jiang , Alejandra Jiménez-Rosales , Michael D. Johnson , Svetlana Jorstad , Adam C. Jones , Abhishek V. Joshi , Taehyun Jung , Ramesh Karuppusamy , Tomohisa Kawashima , Garrett K. Keating , Mark Kettenis , Dong-Jin Kim , Jae-Young Kim , Jongsoo Kim , Junhan Kim , Motoki Kino , Prashant Kocherlakota , Yutaro Kofuji , Patrick M. Koch , Shoko Koyama , Carsten Kramer , Joana A. Kramer , Michael Kramer , Thomas P. Krichbaum , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Noemi La Bella , Deokhyeong Lee , Sang-Sung Lee , Aviad Levis , Shaoling Li , Zhiyuan Li , Rocco Lico , Greg Lindahl , Michael Lindqvist , Mikhail Lisakov , Jun Liu , Kuo Liu , Elisabetta Liuzzo , Wen-Ping Lo , Andrei P. Lobanov , Laurent Loinard , Colin J. Lonsdale , Amy E. Lowitz , Ru-Sen Lu , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Jirong Mao , Nicola Marchili , Sera Markoff , Daniel P. Marrone , Alan P. Marscher , Iván Martí-Vidal , Satoki Matsushita , Lynn D. Matthews , Lia Medeiros , Karl M. Menten , Izumi Mizuno , Yosuke Mizuno , Joshua Montgomery , James M. Moran , Monika Moscibrodzka , Wanga Mulaudzi , Cornelia Müller , Alejandro Mus , Gibwa Musoke , Ioannis Myserlis , Hiroshi Nagai , Neil M. Nagar , Masanori Nakamura , Gopal Narayanan , Antonios Nathanail , Santiago Navarro Fuentes , Joey Neilsen , Chunchong Ni , Michael A. Nowak , Junghwan Oh , Hiroki Okino , Héctor Raúl Olivares Sánchez , Tomoaki Oyama , Feryal Özel , Daniel C. M. Palumbo , Georgios Filippos Paraschos , Harriet Parsons , Nimesh Patel , Ue-Li Pen , Dominic W. Pesce , Vincent Piétu , Alexander Plavin , Aleksandar PopStefanija , Oliver Porth , Ben Prather , Giacomo Principe , Dimitrios Psaltis , Hung-Yi Pu , Alexandra Rahlin , Venkatessh Ramakrishnan , Ramprasad Rao , Mark G. Rawlings , Angelo Ricarte , Luca Ricci , Bart Ripperda , Jan Röder , Freek Roelofs , Cristina Romero-Cañizales , Eduardo Ros , Arash Roshanineshat , Helge Rottmann , Alan L. Roy , Ignacio Ruiz , Chet Ruszczyk , Kazi L. J. Rygl , León D. S. Salas , Salvador Sánchez , David Sánchez-Argüelles , Miguel Sánchez-Portal , Mahito Sasada , Kaushik Satapathy , Saurabh , Tuomas Savolainen , F. Peter Schloerb , Jonathan Schonfeld , Karl-Friedrich Schuster , Lijing Shao , Zhiqiang Shen , Sasikumar Silpa , Des Small , Randall Smith , Bong Won Sohn , Jason SooHoo , Kamal Souccar , Joshua S. Stanway , He Sun , Fumie Tazaki , Alexandra J. Tetarenko , Remo P. J. Tilanus , Michael Titus , Kenji Toma , Pablo Torne , Teresa Toscano , Efthalia Traianou , Tyler Trent , Sascha Trippe , Matthew Turk , Ilse van Bemmel , Huib Jan van Langevelde , Daniel R. van Rossum , Jesse Vos , Jan Wagner , Derek Ward-Thompson , John Wardle , Jasmin E. Washington , Jonathan Weintroub , Robert Wharton , Kaj Wiik , Gunther Witzel , Michael F. Wondrak , George N. Wong , Jompoj Wongphexhauxsorn , Qingwen Wu , Nitika Yadlapalli , Paul Yamaguchi , Aristomenis Yfantis , Doosoo Yoon , André Young , Ziri Younsi , Wei Yu , Feng Yuan , Ye-Fei Yuan , Ai-Ling Zeng , J. Anton Zensus , Shuo Zhang , Guang-Yao Zhao , Shan-Shan Zhao

We explore the ability of observations of the global brightness temperature of the 21-cm signal to constrain the reionization history and the properties of the ionizing sources. In order to describe the reionization signal, we employ either…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Andrea Morandi , Rennan Barkana