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As the number of applications that use machine learning algorithms increases, the need for labeled data useful for training such algorithms intensifies. Getting labels typically involves employing humans to do the annotation, which directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Alexandros Ntoulas , Omar Alonso , Vasilis Kandylas

In this article, we propose a simulated crowd counting dataset CrowdX, which has a large scale, accurate labeling, parameterized realization, and high fidelity. The experimental results of using this dataset as data enhancement show that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yi Hou , Chengyang Li , Yuheng Lu , Liping Zhu , Yuan Li , Huizhu Jia , Xiaodong Xie

The crowd counting task aims at estimating the number of people located in an image or a frame from videos. Existing methods widely adopt density maps as the training targets to optimize the point-to-point loss. While in testing phase, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Xiyang Liu , Jie Yang , Wenrui Ding

The problem of counting crowds in varying density scenes or in different density regions of the same scene, named as pan-density crowd counting, is highly challenging. Previous methods are designed for single density scenes or do not fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Yukun Tian , Yiming Lei , Junping Zhang , James Z. Wang

Semi-supervised crowd counting is crucial for addressing the high annotation costs of densely populated scenes. Although several methods based on pseudo-labeling have been proposed, it remains challenging to effectively and accurately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Maochen Yang , Zekun Li , Jian Zhang , Lei Qi , Yinghuan Shi

The problem of communicating sensor measurements over shared networks is prevalent in many modern large-scale distributed systems such as cyber-physical systems, wireless sensor networks, and the internet of things. Due to bandwidth…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-14 Marcos M. Vasconcelos

Recently, crowd density estimation has received increasing attention. The main challenge for this task is to achieve high-quality manual annotations on a large amount of training data. To avoid reliance on such annotations, previous works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Shenjian Gong , Shanshan Zhang , Jian Yang , Dengxin Dai , Bernt Schiele

In this work, we propose a novel crowd counting network that progressively generates crowd density maps via residual error estimation. The proposed method uses VGG16 as the backbone network and employs density map generated by the final…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Vishwanath A. Sindagi , Rajeev Yasarla , Vishal M. Patel

Performance monitoring is essential for safe clinical deployment of image classification models. However, because ground-truth labels are typically unavailable in the target dataset, direct assessment of real-world model performance is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Tim Flühmann , Alceu Bissoto , Trung-Dung Hoang , Lisa M. Koch

Crowd estimation is a very challenging problem. The most recent study tries to exploit auditory information to aid the visual models, however, the performance is limited due to the lack of an effective approach for feature extraction and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Usman Sajid , Xiangyu Chen , Hasan Sajid , Taejoon Kim , Guanghui Wang

Crowdsourcing has become very popular among the machine learning community as a way to obtain labels that allow a ground truth to be estimated for a given dataset. In most of the approaches that use crowdsourced labels, annotators are asked…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-09 Iker Beñaran-Muñoz , Jerónimo Hernández-González , Aritz Pérez

Diffusion models have become a leading paradigm in generative AI, with score estimation via denoising score matching as a central component. While recent theory provides strong statistical guarantees, it typically relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yinbin Han , Meisam Razaviyayn , Renyuan Xu

Crowd counting is an important task in computer vision, which has many applications in video surveillance. Although the regression-based framework has achieved great improvements for crowd counting, how to improve the discriminative power…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-02 Biyun Sheng , Chunhua Shen , Guosheng Lin , Jun Li , Wankou Yang , Changyin Sun

Crowdsourcing has attracted much attention for its convenience to collect labels from non-expert workers instead of experts. However, due to the high level of noise from the non-experts, an aggregation model that learns the true label by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Hanlu Wu , Tengfei Ma , Lingfei Wu , Shouling Ji

An important way to make large training sets is to gather noisy labels from crowds of non experts. We propose a method to aggregate noisy labels collected from a crowd of workers or annotators. Eliciting labels is important in tasks such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Abhay Gupta

Crowd counting is the task of estimating people numbers in crowd images. Modern crowd counting methods employ deep neural networks to estimate crowd counts via crowd density regressions. A major challenge of this task lies in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Miaojing Shi , Zhaohui Yang , Chao Xu , Qijun Chen

Recent work has shown that standard training via empirical risk minimization (ERM) can produce models that achieve high accuracy on average but low accuracy on underrepresented groups due to the prevalence of spurious features. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Yachuan Liu , Bohan Zhang , Qiaozhu Mei , Paramveer Dhillon

Crowdsourcing platforms are often used to collect datasets for training machine learning models, despite higher levels of inaccurate labeling compared to expert labeling. There are two common strategies to manage the impact of such noise.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Derek Chen , Zhou Yu , Samuel R. Bowman

Annotated images are required for both supervised model training and evaluation in image classification. Manually annotating images is arduous and expensive, especially for multi-labeled images. A recent trend for conducting such laboursome…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Jianzhe Lin , Tianze Yu , Z. Jane Wang

Detection-based methods have been viewed unfavorably in crowd analysis due to their poor performance in dense crowds. However, we argue that the potential of these methods has been underestimated, as they offer crucial information for crowd…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Shaokai Wu , Fengyu Yang