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Integer factorization is a fundamental problem in algorithmic number theory and computer science. It is considered as a one way or trapdoor function in the (RSA) cryptosystem. To date, from elementary trial division to sophisticated methods…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Gilda Rech Bansimba , Regis Freguin Babindamana

We prove that every positive semidefinite matrix over the natural numbers that is eventually 0 in each row and column can be factored as the product of an upper triangular matrix times a lower triangular matrix. We also extend some known…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2017-04-17 Vern I. Paulsen , Hugo J. Woerdeman

Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (semi-NMF) extends classical Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) by allowing the basis matrix to contain both positive and negative entries, making it suitable for decomposing data with mixed signs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Lu Chenggang

In this paper we present a combinatorial generalization of the fact that the number of plane partitions that fit in a $2a\times b\times b$ box is equal to the number of such plane partitions that are symmetric, times the number of such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-13 Mihai Ciucu , Christian Krattenthaler

A numerical semigroup $S$ is an additively-closed set of non-negative integers, and a factorization of an element $n$ of $S$ is an expression of $n$ as a sum of generators of $S$. It is known that for a given numerical semigroup $S$, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-19 Mariah Moschetti , Christopher O'Neill

We use weighted polynomial approximation to prove the existence of a compact set K with non-empty interior and a function f is dense in the space A(K) of all continuous functions on K that are holomorphic in the interior of K, endowed with…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2025-06-26 Stéphane Charpentier , Konstantinos Maronikolakis

We show factorization of polynomials in one variable over the tropical semiring is in general NP-complete, either if all coefficients are finite, or if all are either 0 or infinity (Boolean case). We give algorithms for the factorization…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ki Hang Kim , Fred W. Roush

Let $\mathbb{K}$ be a finite commutative ring, and let $\mathbb{L}$ be a commutative $\mathbb{K}$-algebra. Let $A$ and $B$ be two $n \times n$-matrices over $\mathbb{L}$ that have the same characteristic polynomial. The main result of this…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2020-06-09 Alberto Dennunzio , Enrico Formenti , Darij Grinberg , Luciano Margara

We prove Bergman's theorem on centralizers by using generic matrices and Kontsevich's quantization method. For any field $\textbf{k} $ of positive characteristics, set $A=\textbf{k} \langle x_1,\dots,x_s\rangle$ be a free associative…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2018-07-24 Alexei Kanel Belov , Farrokh Razavinia , Wenchao Zhang

In this survey paper we study parametric versions of writing a matrix in $SL_n (\mathbb{C})$ as a product of lower and upper unitriangular matrices in interchanging order as well as generalizations to other classical groups. We give an…

Complex Variables · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Gaofeng Huang , Frank Kutzschebauch

Let $r$ and $n$ be positive integers such that $r<n$, and $\mathbb{K}$ be an arbitrary field. In a recent work, we have determined the maximal dimension for a linear subspace of $n$ by $n$ symmetric matrices with rank less than or equal to…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2016-07-19 Clément de Seguins Pazzis

In order to find a suitable expression of an arbitrary square matrix over an arbitrary finite commutative ring, we prove that every such a matrix is always representable as a sum of a potent matrix and a nilpotent matrix of order at most…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-02-23 Peter Danchev , Esther Garcia , Miguel Gomez Lozano

Let n be a positive integer, and let R be a finitely presented (but not necessarily finite dimensional) associative algebra over a computable field. We examine algorithmic tests for deciding (1) if every n-dimensional representation of R is…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Edward S. Letzter

We consider bivariate polynomials over the skew field of quaternions, where the indeterminates commute with all coefficients and with each other. We analyze existence of univariate factorizations, that is, factorizations with univariate…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2021-11-08 Johanna Lercher , Hans-Peter Schröcker

The parametrization theorem is derived in a flat nD pseudo-complex affine space. The pseudo-complex hyperbolic space accomodates n-number of uncompactified time-like extra dimensions with sugnature (s,r), where s and r are the numbers of…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-03-02 Minh Q. Truong

In this paper, we present an approach to integer factorization using distributed representations formed with Vector Symbolic Architectures. The approach formulates integer factorization in a manner such that it can be solved using neural…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Denis Kleyko , Connor Bybee , Christopher J. Kymn , Bruno A. Olshausen , Amir Khosrowshahi , Dmitri E. Nikonov , Friedrich T. Sommer , E. Paxon Frady

Given a completely positive map, we introduce a set of algebras that we refer to as its generalized multiplicative domains. These algebras are generalizations of the traditional multiplicative domain of a completely positive map and we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Nathaniel Johnston , David W. Kribs

A 1-factorization $\mathcal{M} = \{M_1,M_2,\ldots,M_n\}$ of a graph $G$ is called perfect if the union of any pair of 1-factors $M_i, M_j$ with $i \ne j$ is a Hamilton cycle. It is called $k$-semi-perfect if the union of any pair of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-28 Natalie C. Behague

Recently Dritschel proves that any positive multivariate Laurent polynomial can be factorized into a sum of square magnitudes of polynomials. We first give another proof of the Dritschel theorem. Our proof is based on the univariate matrix…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jeffrey S. Geronimo , Ming-Jun Lai

We study connectivity functions, that is, integer-valued symmetric submodular functions on a finite ground set attaining $0$ on the empty set. For a connectivity function $f$ on an $n$-element set $V$ and an integer $k\ge 0$, we show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Sang-il Oum , Marek Sokołowski