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The first direct measurement of gravitational waves by the LIGO and Virgo collaborations has opened up new avenues to explore our Universe. This white paper outlines the challenges and gains expected in gravitational wave searches at…

This review explores modified theories of gravity, particularly $f(R)$ gravity, as extensions to General Relativity (GR) that offer alternatives to dark energy for explaining cosmic acceleration. These models generalize the Einstein-Hilbert…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-05 Rafid H. Dejrah

Gravitational waves have predominantly been detected using interferometric techniques, with standard approaches limited to 10 kHz and with modern advancements extending this bound to 300 kHz. To explore the largely uncharted…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-01 Eduard Atonga , Ramy Aboushelbaya , Peter A. Norreys

The LIGO detection of the gravitational wave transient GW150914, from the inspiral and merger of two black holes with masses $\gtrsim 30\, \text{M}_\odot$, suggests a population of binary black holes with relatively high mass. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-06 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration

After giving a brief introduction and presenting a complete classification of gravitational waves (GWs) according to their frequencies, we review and summarize the detection methods, the sensitivities, and the sources. We notice that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-03 Kazuaki Kuroda , Wei-Tou Ni , Wei-Ping Pan

The first generation of ground-based interferometric gravitational wave detectors, LIGO, GEO and Virgo, have operated and taken data at their design sensitivities over the last few years. The data has been examined for the presence of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Marie Anne Bizouard , Maria Alessandra Papa

Great physics breakthroughs are rarely included in the introductory physics or astronomy course. General relativity and binary black hole coalescence are no different, and can be included in the introductory course only in a very limited…

Physics Education · Physics 2018-12-07 Lior M. Burko

The modifications induced in the standard weak-lensing formula if Newtonian gravity differs from inverse square law at large distances are studied. The possibility of putting bounds on the mass of gravitons from lensing data is explored. A…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 S. R. Choudhury , G. C. Joshi , S. Mahajan , B. H. J. McKellar

It is suggested that gravity waves could, in several cases, be detected by means of already (or shortly to be) available technology, independently of current efforts of detection. The present is a follow-up on a recently suggested detection…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 Redouane Fakir

The recent LIGO observation sparked interest in the field of gravity wave signals. Besides the gravity wave observation the LIGO collaboration used the inspiraling black hole pair to constrain the graviton mass. Unlike general relativity,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-19 Jaakko Vainio , Iiro Vilja

Recently, the LIGO observatory reported the first direct observation of gravitational waves, with a signal consistent with a binary black hole merger. This detection triggered several follow-up searches for coincident emission in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-10-11 Krijn D. de Vries , Gwenhaël de Wasseige , Jean-Marie Frère , Matthias Vereecken

For the benefit of the readers of this journal, the editors requested that we prepare a brief review of the history of the development of the theory, the experimental attempts to detect them, and the recent direct observations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-06 Chiang-Mei Chen , James M. Nester , Wei-Tou Ni

The observations of gravitational waves from the binary neutron star merger event GW170817 and the subsequent observation of its electromagnetic counterparts from the gamma-ray burst GRB 170817A provide us a significant opportunity to study…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-11 Soumya Jana , Girish Kumar Chakravarty , Subhendra Mohanty

The gravitational waveforms in the ghost-free bigravity theory exhibit deviations from those in general relativity. The main difference is caused by graviton oscillations in the bigravity theory. We investigate the prospects for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-04-02 Tatsuya Narikawa , Koh Ueno , Hideyuki Tagoshi , Takahiro Tanaka , Nobuyuki Kanda , Takashi Nakamura

In fall of 2015, the two LIGO detectors measured the gravitational wave signal GW150914, which originated from a pair of merging black holes. In the final 0.2 seconds (about 8 gravitational-wave cycles) before the amplitude reached its…

The spectrum of primordial gravitational waves (GWs), especially its tilt $n_T$, carries significant information about the primordial universe. Combining recent aLIGO and Planck2015+BK14 data, we find that the current limit is…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-05 Yu-Tong Wang , Yong Cai , Zhi-Guo Liu , Yun-Song Piao

We introduce a novel test of General Relativity in the strong-field regime of a binary black hole coalescence. Combining information coming from Numerical Relativity simulations of coalescing black hole binaries with a Bayesian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-05-03 Gregorio Carullo , Gunnar Riemenschneider , Ka Wa Tsang , Alessandro Nagar , Walter Del Pozzo

On September 14, 2015, a gravitational wave signal from a coalescing black hole binary system was observed by the Advanced LIGO detectors. This paper describes the transient noise backgrounds used to determine the significance of the event…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-06-22 The LIGO Scientific Collaboration , the Virgo Collaboration

Gravitational wave (GW) signals arising from binary neutron star mergers offer new, sensitive probes to ultralight mediators. Here we analyze the GW signals in the GW170817 event detected by the LIGO/Virgo collaboration to impose…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-21 Zuowei Liu , Zi-Wei Tang

The discovery of the astrophysical events GW150926 and GW151226 has experimentally confirmed the existence of gravitational waves (GW) and has demonstrated the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This finding marks the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-09 Javier M. Antelis , Claudia Moreno