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The increasing number of sophisticated malware poses a major cybersecurity threat. Portable executable (PE) files are a common vector for such malware. In this work we review and evaluate machine learning-based PE malware detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Collin Connors , Dilip Sarkar

Modern malware evolves various detection avoidance techniques to bypass the state-of-the-art detection methods. An emerging trend to deal with this issue is the combination of image transformation and machine learning techniques to classify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Duc-Ly Vu , Trong-Kha Nguyen , Tam V. Nguyen , Tu N. Nguyen , Fabio Massacci , Phu H. Phung

Machine learning has proven to be a useful tool for automated malware detection, but machine learning models have also been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks. This article addresses the problem of generating adversarial malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pavla Louthánová , Matouš Kozák , Martin Jureček , Mark Stamp

Malicious software are categorized into families based on their static and dynamic characteristics, infection methods, and nature of threat. Visual exploration of malware instances and families in a low dimensional space helps in giving a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Mohamed Nassar , Haidar Safa

Network and system security are incredibly critical issues now. Due to the rapid proliferation of malware, traditional analysis methods struggle with enormous samples. In this paper, we propose four easy-to-extract and small-scale features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Zhenshuo Chen , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

As the security landscape evolves over time, where thousands of species of malicious codes are seen every day, antivirus vendors strive to detect and classify malware families for efficient and effective responses against malware campaigns.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-08 Jae-wook Jang , Jiyoung Woo , Aziz Mohaisen , Jaesung Yun , Huy Kang Kim

Malicious software, or malware, presents a continuously evolving challenge in computer security. These embedded snippets of code in the form of malicious files or hidden within legitimate files cause a major risk to systems with their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Rakshit Agrawal , Jack W. Stokes , Mady Marinescu , Karthik Selvaraj

The use of Machine Learning has become a significant part of malware detection efforts due to the influx of new malware, an ever changing threat landscape, and the ability of Machine Learning methods to discover meaningful distinctions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-16 John Boutsikas , Maksim E. Eren , Charles Varga , Edward Raff , Cynthia Matuszek , Charles Nicholas

Machine-learning methods have already been exploited as useful tools for detecting malicious executable files. They leverage data retrieved from malware samples, such as header fields, instruction sequences, or even raw bytes, to learn…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Bojan Kolosnjaji , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio , Davide Maiorca , Giorgio Giacinto , Claudia Eckert , Fabio Roli

The continued evolution and diversity of malware constitutes a major threat in modern systems. It is well proven that security defenses currently available are ineffective to mitigate the skills and imagination of cyber-criminals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Irina Baptista , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis

Detecting packed executables is a critical step in malware analysis, as packing obscures the original code and complicates static inspection. This study evaluates both classical feature-based methods and deep learning approaches that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Ehab Alkhateeb , Ali Ghorbani , Arash Habibi Lashkari

Machine learning-based malware detection systems are often vulnerable to evasion attacks, in which a malware developer manipulates their malicious software such that it is misclassified as benign. Such software hides some properties of the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Shirish Singh , Gail Kaiser

To date, a large number of research papers have been written on the classification of malware, its identification, classification into different families and the distinction between malware and goodware. These works have been based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Ivan Zelinka , Miloslav Szczypka , Jan Plucar , Nikolay Kuznetsov

Malware are malicious programs that are grouped into families based on their penetration technique, source code, and other characteristics. Classifying malware programs into their respective families is essential for building effective…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Filippo Leveni , Matteo Mistura , Francesco Iubatti , Carmine Giangregorio , Nicolò Pastore , Cesare Alippi , Giacomo Boracchi

In order to prevent detection and evade signature-based scanning methods, which are normally exploited by antivirus software, metamorphic viruses use several various obfuscation approaches. They transform their code in new instances as look…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-04-19 Babak Bashari Rad , Maslin Masrom

Managing the threat posed by malware requires accurate detection and classification techniques. Traditional detection strategies, such as signature scanning, rely on manual analysis of malware to extract relevant features, which is labor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Vrinda Malhotra , Katerina Potika , Mark Stamp

Similarity metrics, e.g., signatures as used by anti-virus products, are the dominant technique to detect if a given binary is malware. The underlying assumption of this approach is that all instances of a malware (or even malware family)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-09-30 Mathias Payer , Stephen Crane , Per Larsen , Stefan Brunthaler , Richard Wartell , Michael Franz

Analyzing a huge amount of malware is a major burden for security analysts. Since emerging malware is often a variant of existing malware, automatically classifying malware into known families greatly reduces a part of their burden.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Rikima Mitsuhashi , Takahiro Shinagawa

In a context of malicious software detection, machine learning (ML) is widely used to generalize to new malware. However, it has been demonstrated that ML models can be fooled or may have generalization problems on malware that has never…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Grégoire Barrué , Tony Quertier

Malware detection and analysis are active research subjects in cybersecurity over the last years. Indeed, the development of obfuscation techniques, as packing, for example, requires special attention to detect recent variants of malware.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Benjamin Marais , Tony Quertier , Christophe Chesneau