Related papers: Energy and angular distributions of atmospheric mu…
In this work, we present an analytical description of the energy distributions of primary and secondary cosmogenic particles on Earth in terms of parameters having clear physical meaning. A modified power law is assumed for energy…
The energy and zenith angle distribution of neutrino induced, upward going muons can give direct information on the presence of $\nu$--oscillations in precisely the range of parameters suggested as a solution of the atmospheric neutrino…
The analytical expression for integral energy spectra and zenith angle distributions of atmospheric muons at large depths is derived. Fluctuations of muon energy losses are described using the parametrized correction factor. The fitting…
Muons serve as the best probes of the physics of hadronic interactions in the upper atmosphere because of their simple physics. All the properties of detected muons, such as their energy and angle of incidence, are governed by the…
Cosmic ray muons have emerged as a non-conventional high-energy radiation probe to monitor dense and large objects. Muons are the most abundant cosmic radiation on Earth, however, their flux at sea level is approximately 10,000 min^-1m^-2…
Numerical weather prediction requires initial estimates of the atmospheric state. Since the atmospheric density field is intricately woven into the atmosphere's governing equations, advancing atmospheric density estimation will improve…
A new calculation of the atmospheric fluxes of cosmic-ray hadrons and muons in the energy range 10-10^5 GeV has been performed for the set of hadron production models, EPOS 1.6, QGSJET II-03, SIBYLL 2.1, and others that are of interest to…
We report measurements of the angular distributions of low momentum atmospheric muons at 38 m above sea level for zenith angles $\theta$ between -60 and 60 degrees in the south-north direction. The muon detection was performed with two…
We consider the cosmic muon background for the installations located at shallow depths. We suggest a relatively simple formula for the sea-level muon spectrum, which allows calculate dependencies of the vertical muon intensity and integral…
The analytical expression for angular integral flux of atmospheric muons in matter with the explicit relation of its parameters with those of the sea level spectrum is obtained. The fitting formula for the sea level muon spectrum at…
Using the atmospheric neutrinos to probe the density profile of the Earth depends on knowing the angular distribution of the neutrinos at production and the neutrino cross section. This paper reviews the essential features of the angular…
Cosmic rays are energetic nuclei and elementary particles that originate from stars and intergalactic events. The interaction of these particles with the upper atmosphere produces a range of secondary particles that reach the surface of the…
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays generate extensive air showers in Earth's atmosphere. A standard approach to reconstruct the energy of an ultra-high energy cosmic rays is to sample the lateral profile of the particle density on the ground of…
Energy spectra and zenith angle distributions of atmospheric muons are calculated for the depths of operation of large underwater neutrino telescopes. The estimation of the prompt muon contribution is performed with three approaches to…
High-energy neutrinos, arising from decays of mesons produced through the collisions of cosmic ray particles with air nuclei, form the background in the astrophysical neutrino detection problem. An ambiguity in high-energy behavior of pion…
We present a review of atmospheric muon flux and energy spectrum measurements over almost six decades of muon momentum. Sea-level and underground/water/ice experiments are considered. Possible sources of systematic errors in the…
Atmospheric muons play an important role in underwater/ice neutrino detectors. In this paper, a parameterisation of the flux of single and multiple muon events, their lateral distribution and of their energy spectrum is presented. The…
We present a review of atmospheric and underground muon flux measurements. The relevance of these data for the atmospheric neutrino flux computation is emphasized. Possible sources of systematic errors in the measurements are discussed,…
The designs of many neutrino experiments rely on calculations of the background rates arising from cosmic-ray muons at shallow depths. Understanding the angular dependence of low momentum cosmic-ray muons at the surface is necessary for…
We present the measurement of the the flux and angular distribution of atmospheric muon neutrinos using the MACRO detector. Three different event topologies are detected in two different energy ranges. High energy neutrinos (E~80 GeV) via…