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The Milky Way is a complex ecosystem, for which we can obtain detailed observations probing the physical mechanisms determining the interstellar medium. For a detailed comparison with observations, and to provide theories for missing…

Our Galaxy is a barred spiral. Recent work based on the COBE NIR data implies a small bulge-bar and a disk with a short scale-length. The corotation radius of the bar is in the range 3-4.5 kpc. The stellar density distribution beyond the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ortwin E. Gerhard

We describe a new phenomenon of `bar damping' that may have played an important role in shaping the Milky Way bar and bulge as well as its spiral structure. We use a collisionless N-body simulation of a Milky Way-like galaxy initially…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-11-07 Ewa L. Lokas

Many strong simulated galactic bars experience buckling instability, which manifests itself as a vertical distortion out of the disk plane, and later dissipates. Using a simulation of an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy, I demonstrate that…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-09 Ewa L. Lokas

With the advent of the Gaia data, the unprecedented kinematic census of great part of the Milky Way disc will allow us to characterise the local kinematic groups and new groups in different disc neighbourhoods. First, we show here that the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 T. Antoja , A. Helmi , F. Figueras , M. Romero-Gómez , the RAVE Collaboration

We characterize empirically the radial diffusion of stars in the plane of a typical barred disk galaxy by calculating the local spatial diffusion coefficient and diffusion time-scale for bulge-disk-halo N-body self-consistent systems which…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-30 Maura Brunetti , Cristina Chiappini , Daniel Pfenniger

A method which we have developed for determining corotation radii, has allowed us to map in detail the radial resonant structures of barred spiral galaxies. Here we have combined this information with new determinations of the bar strength…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-01-23 Joan Font , John E. Beckman , Phil A. James , Panos A. Patsis

Both the three-dimensional density of red clump giants and the gas kinematics in the inner Galaxy indicate that the pattern speed of the Galactic bar could be much lower than previously estimated. Here, we show that such slow bar models are…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-12-21 Giacomo Monari , Benoit Famaey , Arnaud Siebert , Aurore Duchateau , Thibault Lorscheider , Olivier Bienaymé

Simulations predict that bars in galaxies should slow down over time. This is often attributed to the exchange of angular momentum between the bar and other regions of the galaxy, such as the outer disc and dark matter halo, which implies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-07 Tobias Géron , Kai Zhu , Steph Campbell , Chris Lintott , R. J. Smethurst , Behzad Tahmasebzadeh

The emergence of a large-scale stellar bar is one of the most striking features in disc galaxies. By means of state-of-the-art cosmological zoom-in simulations, we study the formation and evolution of bars in Milky Way-like galaxies in a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-23 Tommaso Zana , Massimo Dotti , Pedro R. Capelo , Silvia Bonoli , Francesco Haardt , Lucio Mayer , Daniele Spinoso

When bars form within galaxy formation simulations in the standard cosmological context, dynamical friction with dark matter (DM) causes them to rotate rather slowly. However, almost all observed galactic bars are fast in terms of the ratio…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-30 Mahmood Roshan , Indranil Banik , Neda Ghafourian , Ingo Thies , Benoit Famaey , Elena Asencio , Pavel Kroupa

Bars in disk galaxies slow down as they transfer their angular momentum to their dark matter halo via dynamical friction from near-resonant orbits. This bar-halo dynamical friction can become ineffective once phase mixing erases the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-16 Rumi Kodama , Rimpei Chiba , Tetsuro Asano , Junichi Baba , Michiko Fujii

The mean Galactocentric radial velocities $\langle v_{R}\rangle(R,\varphi)$ of luminous red giant stars within the mid-plane of the Milky Way reveal a spiral signature, which could plausibly reflect the response to a non-axisymmetric…

We run N-body smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations of a Milky Way sized galaxy. The code takes into account hydrodynamics, self-gravity, star formation, supernova and stellar wind feedback, radiative cooling and metal…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-04 Robert J. J. Grand , Daisuke Kawata , Mark Cropper

The secular evolution of disk galaxies is largely driven by resonances between the orbits of 'particles' (stars or dark matter) and the rotation of non-axisymmetric features (spiral arms or a bar). Such resonances may also explain kinematic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-19 Chris Hamilton , Elizabeth A. Tolman , Lev Arzamasskiy , Vinícius N. Duarte

In this review, I discuss just three aspects of the stability and evolution of galactic discs. (1) I first review our understanding of the bar instability and how it can be controlled. Disc galaxies in which the orbital speed does not…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. A. Sellwood

We provide the first quantitative evidence for the deceleration of the Galactic bar from local stellar kinematics in agreement with dynamical friction by a typical dark matter halo. The kinematic response of the stellar disk to a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-04 Rimpei Chiba , Jennifer K. S. Friske , Ralph Schönrich

Context: The Milky Way's history of recent disturbances is vividly demonstrated by a structure in the vertical phase-space distribution known as the Gaia phase spiral. A one-armed phase spiral has been seen widely across the Milky Way disc,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-02 Simon Alinder , Paul McMillan , Thomas Bensby

Tidal interactions between disc galaxies and low mass companions are an established method for generating galactic spiral features. In this work we present a study of the structure and dynamics of spiral arms driven in interactions between…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-04-06 Alex R. Pettitt , Elizabeth J. Tasker , James W. Wadsley

It has been proposed that close interactions with satellite galaxies can significantly perturb the morphology of the main galaxy. However, the dynamics of an already formed bar following the interaction with the external environment has not…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-23 Tommaso Zana , Massimo Dotti , Pedro R. Capelo , Lucio Mayer , Francesco Haardt , Sijing Shen , Silvia Bonoli