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Over the last few years, neural network derived word embeddings became popular in the natural language processing literature. Studies conducted have mostly focused on the quality and application of word embeddings trained on public…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-13 H. J. Meijer , J. Truong , R. Karimi

Text word embeddings that encode distributional semantics work by modeling contextual similarities of frequently occurring words. Acoustic word embeddings, on the other hand, typically encode low-level phonetic similarities. Semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Mohammad Amaan Sayeed , Hanan Aldarmaki

Word embeddings capture semantic relationships based on contextual information and are the basis for a wide variety of natural language processing applications. Notably these relationships are solely learned from the data and subsequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Stephanie Brandl , David Lassner , Maximilian Alber

Current state-of-the-art approaches to text classification typically leverage BERT-style Transformer models with a softmax classifier, jointly fine-tuned to predict class labels of a target task. In this paper, we instead propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Kishaloy Halder , Josip Krapac , Alan Akbik , Anthony Brew , Matti Lyra

Current neural network-based methods to the problem of document summarisation struggle when applied to datasets containing large inputs. In this paper we propose a new approach to the challenge of content-selection when dealing with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Maciej Zembrzuski , Saad Mahamood

``Classical'' word embeddings, such as Word2Vec, have been shown to capture the semantics of words based on their distributional properties. However, their ability to represent the different meanings that a word may have is limited. Such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Lea Dieudonat , Kelvin Han , Phyllicia Leavitt , Esteban Marquer

Learned vector representations of words are useful tools for many information retrieval and natural language processing tasks due to their ability to capture lexical semantics. However, while many such tasks involve or even rely on named…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-13 Satya Almasian , Andreas Spitz , Michael Gertz

Multi-label classification has received considerable interest in recent years. Multi-label classifiers have to address many problems including: handling large-scale datasets with many instances and a large set of labels, compensating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Amirhossein Akbarnejad , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Most state-of-the-art approaches for named-entity recognition (NER) use semi supervised information in the form of word clusters and lexicons. Recently neural network-based language models have been explored, as they as a byproduct generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-04-23 Alexandre Passos , Vineet Kumar , Andrew McCallum

Word embeddings are representations of individual words of a text document in a vector space and they are often use- ful for performing natural language pro- cessing tasks. Current state of the art al- gorithms for learning word embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Prathusha Kameswara Sarma , Bill Sethares

Conventional word embeddings represent words with fixed vectors, which are usually trained based on co-occurrence patterns among words. In doing so, however, the power of such representations is limited, where the same word might be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Hongming Zhang , Jiaxin Bai , Yan Song , Kun Xu , Changlong Yu , Yangqiu Song , Wilfred Ng , Dong Yu

Word embeddings are rich word representations, which in combination with deep neural networks, lead to large performance gains for many NLP tasks. However, word embeddings are represented by dense, real-valued vectors and they are therefore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Andreas Hanselowski , Iryna Gurevych

Label embedding is a framework for multiclass classification problems where each label is represented by a distinct vector of some fixed dimension, and training involves matching model output to the vector representing the correct label.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jianxin Zhang , Clayton Scott

Word embeddings have become a staple of several natural language processing tasks, yet much remains to be understood about their properties. In this work, we analyze word embeddings in terms of their principal components and arrive at a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Vikas Raunak , Vaibhav Kumar , Vivek Gupta , Florian Metze

Text clustering serves as a fundamental technique for organizing and interpreting unstructured textual data, particularly in contexts where manual annotation is prohibitively costly. With the rapid advancement of Large Language Models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Chen Huang , Guoxiu He

Multimodal Recommender Systems aim to improve recommendation accuracy by integrating heterogeneous content, such as images and textual metadata. While effective, it remains unclear whether their gains stem from true multimodal understanding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Claudio Pomo , Matteo Attimonelli , Danilo Danese , Fedelucio Narducci , Tommaso Di Noia

Pre-trained word vectors are ubiquitous in Natural Language Processing applications. In this paper, we show how training word embeddings jointly with bigram and even trigram embeddings, results in improved unigram embeddings. We claim that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Prakhar Gupta , Matteo Pagliardini , Martin Jaggi

While word embeddings are currently predominant for natural language processing, most of existing models learn them solely from their contexts. However, these context-based word embeddings are limited since not all words' meaning can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Jifan Chen , Kan Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Zheng Zhang

Embedding words in a vector space has gained a lot of attention in recent years. While state-of-the-art methods provide efficient computation of word similarities via a low-dimensional matrix embedding, their motivation is often left…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Shihao Ji , Hyokun Yun , Pinar Yanardag , Shin Matsushima , S. V. N. Vishwanathan

In this paper, we focus on training and evaluating effective word embeddings with both text and visual information. More specifically, we introduce a large-scale dataset with 300 million sentences describing over 40 million images crawled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Junhua Mao , Jiajing Xu , Yushi Jing , Alan Yuille