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To make sense of their surroundings, intelligent systems must transform complex sensory inputs to structured codes that are reduced to task-relevant information such as object category. Biological agents achieve this in a largely autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Robin Weiler , Matthias Brucklacher , Cyriel M. A. Pennartz , Sander M. Bohté

Visible light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) provides a unique tool for imaging the structure and oxygen metabolism in tissues. However, since it works in the spectral domain, vis-OCT still suffers from noises due to the multiple…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-12-28 Danlei Qiao , Peng Miao , Ian Rubinoff , Jibo Zhou , John B. Troy , Hao F. Zhang , Shanbao Tong

Event-cameras have emerged as a revolutionary technology with a high temporal resolution that far surpasses standard active pixel cameras. This technology draws biological inspiration from photoreceptors and the initial retinal synapse.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Victoria Clerico , Shay Snyder , Arya Lohia , Md Abdullah-Al Kaiser , Gregory Schwartz , Akhilesh Jaiswal , Maryam Parsa

Recent methods for 3D reconstruction and rendering increasingly benefit from end-to-end optimization of the entire image formation process. However, this approach is currently limited: effects of the optical hardware stack and in particular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Wenqi Xian , Aljaž Božič , Noah Snavely , Christoph Lassner

Insects have tiny brains but complicated visual systems for motion perception. A handful of insect visual neurons have been computationally modeled and successfully applied for robotics. How different neurons collaborate on motion…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Qinbing Fu , Cheng Hu , Pengcheng Liu , Shigang Yue

Distinguishing active from passive dynamics is a fundamental challenge in understanding the motion of living cells and other active matter systems. Here, we introduce a framework that combines physical modeling, analytical theory, and…

Optical motion capture systems have become a widely used technology in various fields, such as augmented reality, robotics, movie production, etc. Such systems use a large number of cameras to triangulate the position of optical markers.The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-26 Taras Kucherenko , Jonas Beskow , Hedvig Kjellström

In real-world scene perception human observers generate sequences of fixations to move image patches into the high-acuity center of the visual field. Models of visual attention developed over the last 25 years aim to predict two-dimensional…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-15 Lisa Schwetlick , Daniel Backhaus , Ralf Engbert

Optical flow is the motion of a pixel between at least two consecutive video frames and can be estimated through an end-to-end trainable convolutional neural network. To this end, large training datasets are required to improve the accuracy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Roman Seidel , André Apitzsch , Gangolf Hirtz

Visually predicting the stability of block towers is a popular task in the domain of intuitive physics. While previous work focusses on prediction accuracy, a one-dimensional performance measure, we provide a broader analysis of the learned…

Strong coupling in optomechanical systems is the basic condition for observing many quantum phenomena such as optomechanical squeezing and entanglement. Normal-mode splitting (NMS) is the most evident signature of strong coupling systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-14 Yue Li , Yijian Wang , Hengxin Sun , Kui Liu , Jiangrui Gao

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a novel and effective screening tool for ophthalmic examination. Since collecting OCT images is relatively more expensive than fundus photographs, existing methods use multi-modal learning to complement…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-02 Lehan Wang , Weihang Dai , Mei Jin , Chubin Ou , Xiaomeng Li

Cell crawling on flat substrates is based on intracellular flows of the actin cytoskeleton that are driven by both actin polymerization at the front and myosin contractility at the back. The new experimental tool of optogenetics makes it…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2023-07-04 Oliver M. Drozdowski , Falko Ziebert , Ulrich S. Schwarz

This work explores the effectiveness of masked image modelling for learning representations of retinal OCT images. To this end, we leverage Masked Autoencoders (MAE), a simple and scalable method for self-supervised learning, to obtain a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Theodoros Pissas , Pablo Márquez-Neila , Sebastian Wolf , Martin Zinkernagel , Raphael Sznitman

Optical neural networks are emerging as a promising type of machine learning hardware capable of energy-efficient, parallel computation. Today's optical neural networks are mainly developed to perform optical inference after in silico…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 James Spall , Xianxin Guo , A. I. Lvovsky

The principle of stationary action is a cornerstone of modern physics, providing a powerful framework for investigating dynamical systems found in classical mechanics through to quantum field theory. However, computational neuroscience,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-10-08 Erik D. Fagerholm , Karl J. Friston , Rosalyn J. Moran , Robert Leech

In optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes of retina, the sequential acquisition of the individual slices makes this modality prone to motion artifacts, misalignments between adjacent slices being the most noticeable. Any distortion in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Yasmeen M. George , Suman Sedai , Bhavna J. Antony , Hiroshi Ishikawa , Gadi Wollstein , Joel S. Schuman , Rahil Garnavi

The existence of instabilities, for example in the form of adversarial examples, has given rise to a highly active area of research concerning itself with understanding and enhancing the stability of neural networks. We focus on a popular…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Matthias J. Ehrhardt , Davide Murari , Ferdia Sherry

Molecular and activity-based cues acting together are thought to guide retinal axons to their terminal sites in vertebrate optic tectum or superior colliculus to form an ordered map of connections. The details of mechanisms involved, and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-08-27 J. J. Johannes Hjorth , David C. Sterratt , Catherine S. Cutts , David J. Willshaw , Stephen J. Eglen

Exudative (wet) age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults, typically treated with intravitreal injections. Emerging therapies, such as subretinal injections of stem cells, gene therapy, small…