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Reinforcement learning is a powerful approach to learn behaviour through interactions with an environment. However, behaviours are usually learned in a purely reactive fashion, where an appropriate action is selected based on an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 André Biedenkapp , Raghu Rajan , Frank Hutter , Marius Lindauer

Off-policy reinforcement learning has many applications including: learning from demonstration, learning multiple goal seeking policies in parallel, and representing predictive knowledge. Recently there has been an proliferation of new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-01 Adam White , Martha White

Off-policy learning ability is an important feature of reinforcement learning (RL) for practical applications. However, even one of the most elementary RL algorithms, temporal-difference (TD) learning, is known to suffer form divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Han-Dong Lim , Donghwan Lee

Hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) holds great potential for sample-efficient learning on challenging long-horizon tasks. In particular, letting a higher level assign subgoals to a lower level has been shown to enable fast learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Nico Gürtler , Dieter Büchler , Georg Martius

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising approach. However, success is limited to real-world applications, because ensuring safe exploration and facilitating adequate exploitation is a challenge for controlling robotic systems with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile

Designing reliable decision strategies for autonomous urban driving is challenging. Reinforcement learning (RL) has been used to automatically derive suitable behavior in uncertain environments, but it does not provide any guarantee on the…

Machine learning techniques using neural networks have achieved promising success for time-series data classification. However, the models that they produce are challenging to verify and interpret. In this paper, we propose an explainable…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Danyang Li , Mingyu Cai , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Roberto Tron

Symbolic task representation is a powerful tool for encoding human instructions and domain knowledge. Such instructions guide robots to accomplish diverse objectives and meet constraints through reinforcement learning (RL). Most existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Wataru Hatanaka , Ryota Yamashina , Takamitsu Matsubara

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has attracted much attention as an approach to solve optimal control problems without mathematical models of systems. On the other hand, in general, constraints may be imposed on optimal control problems.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-22 Junya Ikemoto , Toshimitsu Ushio

TD($\lambda$) with function approximation has proved empirically successful for some complex reinforcement learning problems. For linear approximation, TD($\lambda$) has been shown to minimise the squared error between the approximate value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Lex Weaver , Jonathan Baxter

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has made significant strides in enabling artificial agents to learn diverse behaviors. However, learning an effective policy often requires a large number of environment interactions. To mitigate sample…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Yash Shukla , Tanushree Burman , Abhishek Kulkarni , Robert Wright , Alvaro Velasquez , Jivko Sinapov

Hierarchical reinforcement learning is a promising approach to tackle long-horizon decision-making problems with sparse rewards. Unfortunately, most methods still decouple the lower-level skill acquisition process and the training of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Alexander C. Li , Carlos Florensa , Ignasi Clavera , Pieter Abbeel

Long-horizon manipulation tasks such as stacking represent a longstanding challenge in the field of robotic manipulation, particularly when using reinforcement learning (RL) methods which often struggle to learn the correct sequence of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jing Zhang , Emmanuel Dean , Karinne Ramirez-Amaro

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) is well-suitedd for solving complex tasks by breaking them down into structured policies. However, HRL agents often struggle with efficient exploration and quick adaptation. To overcome these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Arash Khajooeinejad , Fatemeh Sadat Masoumi , Masoumeh Chapariniya

Reinforcement learning can greatly benefit from the use of options as a way of encoding recurring behaviours and to foster exploration. An important open problem is how can an agent autonomously learn useful options when solving particular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Manuel Del Verme , Bruno Castro da Silva , Gianluca Baldassarre

Temporal logic inference is the process of extracting formal descriptions of system behaviors from data in the form of temporal logic formulas. The existing temporal logic inference methods mostly neglect uncertainties in the data, which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Nasim Baharisangari , Jean-Raphaël Gaglione , Daniel Neider , Ufuk Topcu , Zhe Xu

Temporal difference (TD) learning is a foundational algorithm in reinforcement learning (RL). For nearly forty years, TD learning has served as a workhorse for applied RL as well as a building block for more complex and specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hwanwoo Kim , Panos Toulis , Eric Laber

In this paper, we develop a stratification-based semantics for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) in which each atomic predicate is interpreted as a membership test in a stratified space. This perspective reveals a novel correspondence principle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Justin Curry , Alberto Speranzon

Vision-Language-Action models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for general-purpose robot learning, enabling agents to map visual observations and natural-language instructions into executable robotic actions. Though popular,…

It is desirable for an agent to be able to solve a rich variety of problems that can be specified through language in the same environment. A popular approach towards obtaining such agents is to reuse skills learned in prior tasks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Geraud Nangue Tasse , Devon Jarvis , Steven James , Benjamin Rosman
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