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The quest to find the first stars has driven astronomers across cosmic time, from hopes to identify their signatures in their heyday at cosmic dawn to deep searches for their remnants in our local neighborhood. Such work crucially relies on…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-07 Sahil Hegde , Steven R. Furlanetto

We study the formation of massive Population III binary stars using a newly developed radiation hydrodynamics code with the adaptive mesh refinement and adaptive ray-tracing methods. We follow the evolution of a typical primordial…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-06-16 Kazuyuki Sugimura , Tomoaki Matsumoto , Takashi Hosokawa , Shingo Hirano , Kazuyuki Omukai

A simple speed-up cosmology model is proposed to account for the dark energy puzzle. We condense contributions from dark energy and curvature term into one effective parameter in order to reduce parameter degeneracies and to find any…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-10-10 Xin-He Meng , Meng Su , Zheng Wang

We examine the Pantheon supernovae distance data compilation in a model independent analysis to test the validity of cosmic history reconstructions beyond the concordance $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. Strong deviations are allowed by the data at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-19 Benjamin L'Huillier , Arman Shafieloo , Eric V. Linder , Alex G. Kim

Large synoptic (repeated scan) imaging sky surveys are poised to observe enormous numbers of core-collapse supernovae. We quantify the discovery potential of upcoming projects, including DES, Pan-STARRS, and LSST. These surveys will map out…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Amy Lien , Brian D. Fields

We present an analysis of the integrated properties of the stellar populations in the Universidad Complutense de Madrid Survey of Halpha-selected galaxies. In this paper, the first of a series, we describe in detail the techniques developed…

The cosmic dark ages ended a few hundred million years after the Big Bang, when the first stars began to fill the universe with new light. It has generally been argued that these stars formed in isolation and were extremely massive -…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Thomas Greif , Volker Springel , Simon White , Simon Glover , Paul Clark , Rowan Smith , Ralf Klessen , Volker Bromm

We explores the Pantheon+SH0ES dataset to identify patterns that can discriminate between different cosmological models. We focus on determining whether the behaviour of dark energy is consistent with the standard $\Lambda$CDM model or…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-19 Simone Vilardi , Salvatore Capozziello , Massimo Brescia

A recently proposed technique allows one to constrain both the background and perturbation cosmological parameters through the distribution function of supernova Ia apparent magnitudes. Here we extend this technique to alternative…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-28 Luca Amendola , Tiago Castro , Valerio Marra , Miguel Quartin

We develop a new semi-analytic framework of Population (Pop) III and subsequent galaxy formation designed to run on dark matter halo merger trees. In our framework, we consider the effect of the Lyman-Werner flux from Pop III and II stars…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-09 Tomoaki Ishiyama , Shingo Hirano

By means of a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, we show how the local observed relation between age and galactic stellar mass is affected by assuming a DM power spectrum with a small-scale cutoff. We compare results obtained by means…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Francesco Calura , Nicola Menci , Anna Gallazzi

The timescape cosmology has been proposed as a viable alternative to homogeneous cosmologies with dark energy. It realises cosmic acceleration as an apparent effect that arises in calibrating average cosmological parameters in the presence…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-17 Peter R. Smale , David L. Wiltshire

We present a classification of galaxies in the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) 3$\pi$ survey based on their recent star formation history and morphology. Specifically, we train and test two Random Forest (RF) classifiers using photometric features…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-21 A. Baldeschi , A. Miller , M. Stroh , R. Margutti , D. L. Coppejans

The very first light captured by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) revealed a population of galaxies at very high redshifts more massive than expected in the canonical $\Lambda$CDM model of structure formation. Barring, among others, a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-24 Matteo Forconi , William Giarè , Olga Mena , Ruchika , Eleonora Di Valentino , Alessandro Melchiorri , Rafael C. Nunes

Extremely metal-poor stars are uniquely informative on the nature of massive Population III stars. Modulo a few elements that vary with stellar evolution, the present-day photospheric abundances observed in extremely metal-poor stars are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 M. Fraser , A. R. Casey , G. Gilmore , A. Heger , C. Chan

We apply Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) methods to large-scale simulations of galaxy formation in a LambdaCDM cosmology in order to explore how star formation and feedback are constrained by the observed luminosity and stellar mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Bruno Henriques , Simon White , Peter Thomas , Raul Angulo , Qi Guo , Gerard Lemson , Volker Springel

We predict cosmological constraints for forthcoming surveys using Superluminous Supernovae (SLSNe) as standardisable candles. Due to their high peak luminosity, these events can be observed to high redshift (z~3), opening up new…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-27 Dario Scovacricchi , Robert C. Nichol , David Bacon , Mark Sullivan , Szymon Prajs

Population III supernovae have been the focus of growing attention because of their potential to directly probe the properties of the first stars, particularly the most energetic events that can be seen at the edge of the observable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Daniel J. Whalen , Joseph Smidt , Wesley Even , S. E. Woosley , Alexander Heger , Massimo Stiavelli , Chris L. Fryer

We present new cosmological constraints in a set of motivated extensions of the $\Lambda$CDM model using the polarization and gravitational lensing measurements from the South Pole Telescope and the Planck CMB temperature observations at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-14 Anton Chudaykin , Dmitry Gorbunov , Nikita Nedelko

The power spectrum of mass density fluctuations is evaluated from the Mark III and the SFI catalogs of peculiar velocities by a maximum likelihood analysis, using parametric models for the power spectrum and for the errors. The applications…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Idit Zehavi , Avishai Dekel