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We give the first two algorithms to enumerate all binary words of $\{0,1\}^\ell$ (like Gray codes) while ensuring that the delay and the auxiliary space is independent from $\ell$, i.e., constant time for each word, and constant memory in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Antoine Amarilli , Claire David , Nadime Francis , Victor Marsault , Mikaël Monet , Yann Strozecki

We consider the problem of encoding two-dimensional arrays, whose elements come from a total order, for answering \topk{} queries. The aim is to obtain encodings that use space close to the information-theoretic lower bound, which can be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Seungbum Jo , Srinivasa Rao Satti

In [S. Effler, F. Ruskey, A CAT algorithm for listing permutations with a given number of inversions, {\it I.P.L.}, 86/2 (2003)] the authors give an algorithm, which appears to be CAT, for generating permutations with a given major index.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-05 Vincent Vajnovszki

A combinatorial Gray code for a set of combinatorial objects is a sequence of all combinatorial objects in the set so that each object is derived from the preceding object by changing a small part. In this paper we design a Gray code for…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-08-01 Shin-ichi Nakano

Starting from a succession rule for Catalan numbers, we define a procedure encoding and listing the objects enumerated by these numbers such that two consecutive codes of the list differ only for one digit. Gray code we obtain can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Antonio Bernini , Elisabetta Grazzini , Elisa Pergola , Renzo Pinzani

We describe a general purpose algorithm for counting simple cycles and simple paths of any length $\ell$ on a (weighted di)graph on $N$ vertices and $M$ edges, achieving a time complexity of $O\left(N+M+\big(\ell^\omega+\ell\Delta\big)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Pierre-Louis Giscard , Nils Kriege , Richard C. Wilson

We consider the following problem: given an unsorted array of $n$ elements, and a sequence of intervals in the array, compute the median in each of the subarrays defined by the intervals. We describe a simple algorithm which uses O(n) space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-01-14 Beat Gfeller , Peter Sanders

We give new algorithms for generating all n-tuples over an alphabet of m letters, changing only one letter at a time (Gray codes). These algorithms are based on the connection with variations of the Towers of Hanoi game. Our algorithms are…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Felix Herter , Günter Rote

We consider directed graphs where each edge is labeled with an integer weight and study the fundamental algorithmic question of computing the value of a cycle with minimum mean weight. Our contributions are twofold: (1) First we show that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-07-18 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Monika Henzinger , Sebastian Krinninger , Veronika Loitzenbauer

Define the middle layer graph as the graph whose vertex set consists of all bitstrings of length $2n+1$ that have exactly $n$ or $n+1$ entries equal to 1, with an edge between any two vertices for which the corresponding bitstrings differ…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-16 Torsten Mütze

We consider a generalization of the gradient coding framework where a dataset is divided across $n$ workers and each worker transmits to a master node one or more linear combinations of the gradients over its assigned data subsets. Unlike…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Sahasrajit Sarmasarkar , V. Lalitha , Nikhil Karamchandani

The {Congested Clique} is a distributed-computing model for single-hop networks with restricted bandwidth that has been very intensively studied recently. It models a network by an $n$-vertex graph in which any pair of vertices can…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Leonid Barenboim , Victor Khazanov

Given a source of iid samples of edges of an input graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, how many samples does one need to compute a constant factor approximation to the maximum matching size in $G$? Moreover, is it possible to obtain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Michael Kapralov , Slobodan Mitrović , Ashkan Norouzi-Fard , Jakab Tardos

A closed string $u$ is either of length one or contains a border that occurs only as a prefix and as a suffix in $u$ and nowhere else within $u$. In this paper, we present fast $\mathcal{O}(n\log n)$ time algorithms to compute all…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Samkith K Jain , Neerja Mhaskar

Vizing's theorem states that every graph $G$ of maximum degree $\Delta$ can be properly edge-colored using $\Delta + 1$ colors. The fastest currently known $(\Delta+1)$-edge-coloring algorithm for general graphs is due to Sinnamon and runs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Anton Bernshteyn , Abhishek Dhawan

A combinatorial Gray code for a class of objects is a listing that contains each object from the class exactly once such that any two consecutive objects in the list differ only by a `small change'. Such listings are known for many…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-31 Torsten Mütze

We give an improved upper bound for the Gr\"unbaum--Hadwiger--Ramos problem: Let $d,n,k \in \mathbb{N}$ such that $d \geq 2^n(1+2^{k-1})$. Given $2^{n+1}$ masses on $\mathbb{R}^d$, there exist $k$ hyperplanes in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-28 Jonathan Kliem

Bu{\ss} et al [KDD 2020] recently proved that the problem of computing the betweenness of all nodes of a temporal graph is computationally hard in the case of foremost and fastest paths, while it is solvable in time O(n 3 T 2 ) in the case…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Filippo Brunelli , Pierluigi Crescenzi , Laurent Viennot

Coded distributed computing has been considered as a promising technique which makes large-scale systems robust to the "straggler" workers. Yet, practical system models for distributed computing have not been available that reflect the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-17 Muah Kim , Jy-yong Sohn , Jaekyun Moon

Trees are useful entities allowing to model data structures and hierarchical relationships in networked decision systems ubiquitously. An ordered tree is a rooted tree where the order of the subtrees (children) of a node is significant. In…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Victor Parque , Tomoyuki Miyashita