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Active inference is a formal approach to study cognition based on the notion that adaptive agents can be seen as engaging in a process of approximate Bayesian inference, via the minimisation of variational and expected free energies.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Filippo Torresan , Keisuke Suzuki , Ryota Kanai , Manuel Baltieri

In complex systems, we often observe complex global behavior emerge from a collection of agents interacting with each other in their environment, with each individual agent acting only on locally available information, without knowing the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Yujin Tang , David Ha

A key question in reinforcement learning is how an intelligent agent can generalize knowledge across different inputs. By generalizing across different inputs, information learned for one input can be immediately reused for improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Lucas Lehnert , Michael L. Littman

Within Reinforcement Learning, there is a growing collection of research which aims to express all of an agent's knowledge of the world through predictions about sensation, behaviour, and time. This work can be seen not only as a collection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-22 Alex Kearney , Patrick M. Pilarski

In model-based reinforcement learning, the agent interleaves between model learning and planning. These two components are inextricably intertwined. If the model is not able to provide sensible long-term prediction, the executed planner…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-19 Nan Rosemary Ke , Amanpreet Singh , Ahmed Touati , Anirudh Goyal , Yoshua Bengio , Devi Parikh , Dhruv Batra

Learning how to adapt to complex and dynamic environments is one of the most important factors that contribute to our intelligence. Endowing artificial agents with this ability is not a simple task, particularly in competitive scenarios. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-09 Pablo Barros , Ana Tanevska , Alessandra Sciutti

Physical agents that can autonomously generate engaging, life-like behaviour will lead to more responsive and interesting robots and other autonomous systems. Although many advances have been made for one-to-one interactions in well…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Lingheng Meng , Daiwei Lin , Adam Francey , Rob Gorbet , Philip Beesley , Dana Kulić

As more and more AI agents are used in practice, it is time to think about how to make these agents fully autonomous so that they can (1) learn by themselves continually in a self-motivated and self-initiated manner rather than being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Bing Liu , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eric Robertson , Scott Grigsby

Agreement Technologies refer to open computer systems in which autonomous software agents interact with one another, typically on behalf of humans, in order to come to mutually acceptable agreements. With the advance of AI systems in recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Andrés Holgado-Sánchez , Holger Billhardt , Alberto Fernández , Sascha Ossowski

Biological intelligence can learn to solve many diverse tasks in a data efficient manner by re-using basic knowledge and skills from one task to another. Furthermore, many of such skills are acquired without explicit supervision in an…

As artificial agents become increasingly capable, what internal structure is *necessary* for an agent to act competently under uncertainty? Classical results show that optimal control can be *implemented* using belief states or world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Aran Nayebi

For a natural social human-robot interaction, it is essential for a robot to learn the human-like social skills. However, learning such skills is notoriously hard due to the limited availability of direct instructions from people to teach a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Ahmed Hussain Qureshi , Yutaka Nakamura , Yuichiro Yoshikawa , Hiroshi Ishiguro

One of the main research areas in Artificial Intelligence is the coding of agents (programs) which are able to learn by themselves in any situation. This means that agents must be useful for purposes other than those they were created for,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-02-04 Javier Insa-Cabrera , Jose Hernandez-Orallo

The maturation of cognition, from introspection to understanding others, has long been a hallmark of human development. This position paper posits that for AI systems to truly emulate or approach human-like interactions, especially within…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jasmine A. Berry

Agents that interact with other agents often do not know a priori what the other agents' strategies are, but have to maximise their own online return while interacting with and learning about others. The optimal adaptive behaviour under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Luisa Zintgraf , Sam Devlin , Kamil Ciosek , Shimon Whiteson , Katja Hofmann

Learning predictive models from interaction with the world allows an agent, such as a robot, to learn about how the world works, and then use this learned model to plan coordinated sequences of actions to bring about desired outcomes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Karl Schmeckpeper , Annie Xie , Oleh Rybkin , Stephen Tian , Kostas Daniilidis , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

We describe AI agents as stochastic dynamical systems and frame the problem of learning to reason as in transductive inference: Rather than approximating the distribution of past data as in classical induction, the objective is to capture…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Alessandro Achille , Stefano Soatto

Continual learning for reinforcement learning agents remains a significant challenge, particularly in preserving and leveraging existing information without an external signal to indicate changes in tasks or environments. In this study, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zeki Doruk Erden , Donia Gasmi , Boi Faltings

We study the problem of learning a generalizable action policy for an intelligent agent to actively approach an object of interest in an indoor environment solely from its visual inputs. While scene-driven or recognition-driven visual…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Xin Ye , Zhe Lin , Joon-Young Lee , Jianming Zhang , Shibin Zheng , Yezhou Yang

Learning to navigate in complex environments with dynamic elements is an important milestone in developing AI agents. In this work we formulate the navigation question as a reinforcement learning problem and show that data efficiency and…