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The strong, nearly wavelength-independent absorption cross section of aerosols produces featureless exoplanet transmission spectra, limiting our ability to characterize their atmospheres. Here we show that even in the presence of…

We present Exo-Transmit, a software package to calculate exoplanet transmission spectra for planets of varied composition. The code is designed to generate spectra of planets with a wide range of atmospheric composition, temperature,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-22 Eliza M. -R. Kempton , Roxana E. Lupu , Albert Owusu-Asare , Patrick Slough , Bryson Cale

Hi-resolution spectroscopy (R > 25,000) has recently emerged as one of the leading methods to detect atomic and molecular species in the atmospheres of exoplanets. However, it has so far been lacking in a robust method to extract…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Matteo Brogi , Michael R Line

The atmospheres of small, potentially rocky exoplanets are expected to cover a diverse range in composition and mass. Studying such objects therefore requires flexible and wide-ranging modeling capabilities. We present in this work the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 M. Scheucher , F. Wunderlich , J. L. Grenfell , M. Godolt , F. Schreier , D. Kappel , R. Haus , K. Herbst , H. Rauer

Secondary eclipse spectroscopy provides invaluable insights into the temperatures and compositions of exoplanetary atmospheres. We carry out a systematic temperature and abundance retrieval analysis of nine exoplanets (HD189733b, HD209458b,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Michael R Line , Heather Knutson , Aaron Wolf , Yuk Yung

The absorption signals of metastable He in HD 209458b and several other exoplanets can be explained via escaping atmosphere model with a subsolar He/H ratio. The low abundance of helium can be a result of planet formation if there is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-03 Lei Xing , Dongdong Yan , Jianheng Guo

With the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, we are firmly in the era of exoplanet atmosphere characterization. Understanding exoplanet spectra requires atmospheric chemical and climate models that span the diversity of planetary…

The launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has delivered high-quality atmospheric observations and expanded the known chemical inventory of exoplanetary atmospheres, opening new avenues for atmospheric chemistry modeling to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-09 Priyankush Ghosh , Sambit Mishra , Shubham Dey , Debayan Das , Paul B. Rimmer , Liton Majumdar

We present three-dimensional simulations of the ultra-hot Jupiter (UHJ) WASP-121b from the planetary surface to extended outflows, coupling hydrodynamics with consistent non-equilibrium thermochemistry, ray-tracing radiative transfer, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Lile Wang , Yiren Lin , Ji Wang , Fei Dai

Due to its 1770 K equilibrium temperature, WASP-17b, a 1.99 $R_\mathrm{Jup}$, 0.486 $M_\mathrm{Jup}$ exoplanet, sits at the critical juncture between hot and ultra-hot Jupiters. We present its 0.3-5 $\mu m$ transmission spectrum, with newly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 L. Alderson , H. R. Wakeford , R. J. MacDonald , N. K. Lewis , E. M. May , D. Grant , D. K. Sing , K. B. Stevenson , J. Fowler , J. Goyal , N. E. Batalha , T. Kataria

The atmospheric composition of exoplanets with masses between 2 and 10 M$_\oplus$ is poorly understood. In that regard, the sub-Neptune K2-18b, which is subject to Earth-like stellar irradiation, offers a valuable opportunity for the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-03 Doriann Blain , Benjamin Charnay , Bruno Bézard

Current observations of the atmospheres of close-in exoplanets are predominantly obtained with two techniques: low-resolution spectroscopy with space telescopes and high-resolution spectroscopy from the ground. Although the observables…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-12 M. Brogi , M. Line , J. Bean , J. -M. Désert , H. Schwarz

High resolution precision spectroscopy provides a multitude of robust techniques for probing exoplanetary atmospheres. We present multiple VLT/ESPRESSO transit observations of the hot-Jupiter exoplanet WASP-19b with previously published but…

High-resolution spectroscopy (R $\ge$ 20,000) at near-infrared wavelengths can be used to investigate the composition, structure, and circulation patterns of exoplanet atmospheres. However, up to now it has been the exclusive dominion of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 M. Brogi , P. Giacobbe , G. Guilluy , R. J. de Kok , A. Sozzetti , L. Mancini , A. S. Bonomo

Spectroscopic observations of exoplanet atmospheres can reveal the chemical composition, temperature, cloud properties, and (potentially) the habitability of these distant worlds. The inference of such properties is generally enabled by…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-25 Ryan J. MacDonald

Numerous chemical constraints have been possible for exoplanetary atmospheres thanks to high-resolution spectroscopy (HRS) from ground-based facilities as well as low-resolution spectroscopy (LRS) from space. These two techniques have…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-06 Siddharth Gandhi , Rico Landman , Ignas Snellen , Luis Welbanks , Nikku Madhusudhan , Matteo Brogi

Ultra-hot Jupiters like WASP-121b provide unique laboratories for studying atmospheric chemistry and dynamics under extreme irradiation. Constraining their composition and circulation is key to tracing planet formation pathways. We present…

HD 209458b is the prototypical hot Jupiter and one of the best targets available for precise atmosphere characterisation. Now that spectra from both Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are available, we can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-13 N. Bachmann , L. Kreidberg , P. Mollière , D. Deming , S. -M. Tsai

High-resolution spectroscopy provides unique constraints on exoplanet atmospheric composition and dynamics. The past decade of ground-based campaigns has accumulated extensive public archives, yet many observations remain unanalysed. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-19 A. Masson , S. Vinatier , B. Bézard , F. Debras , A. Carmona , J. Lillo-Box , N. B. Cowan , V. Yariv , R. Allart

High-resolution optical spectroscopy during the transit of HD 189733b, a prototypical hot Jupiter, allowed the resolution of the Na I D sodium lines in the planet, giving access to the extreme conditions of the planet upper atmosphere. We…