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We provide a compact data structure for representing polyominoes that supports neighborhood and visibility queries. Neighborhood queries concern reporting adjacent cells to a given cell, and visibility queries determine whether a straight…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Magnus Berg , Shahin Kamali , Katherine Ling , Cooper Sigrist

We present a work-efficient parallel level-synchronous Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm for shared-memory architectures which achieves the theoretical lower bound on parallel running time. The optimality holds regardless of the shape of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Jesmin Jahan Tithi , Yonatan Fogel , Rezaul Chowdhury

We consider the problem of maintaining a $(1-\epsilon)$-approximation to the densest subgraph (DSG) in an undirected multigraph as it undergoes edge insertions and deletions (the fully dynamic setting). Sawlani and Wang [SW20] developed a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Chandra Chekuri , Kent Quanrud

Given an array of size $n$ from a total order, we consider the problem of constructing a data structure that supports various queries (range minimum/maximum queries with their variants and next/previous larger/smaller queries) efficiently.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Seungbum Jo , Geunho Kim

We revisit the problem of estimating the profile (also known as the rarity) in the data stream model. Given a sequence of $m$ elements from a universe of size $n$, its profile is a vector $\phi$ whose $i$-th entry $\phi_i$ represents the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Justin Y. Chen , Piotr Indyk , David P. Woodruff

We provide the first non-trivial result on dynamic breadth-first search (BFS) in external-memory: For general sparse undirected graphs of initially $n$ nodes and O(n) edges and monotone update sequences of either $\Theta(n)$ edge insertions…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2008-02-21 Ulrich Meyer

Read-only memory model is a classical model of computation to study time-space tradeoffs of algorithms. One of the classical results on the ROM model is that any sorting algorithm that uses O(s) words of extra space requires $\Omega…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Sankardeep Chakraborty , Anish Mukherjee , Venkatesh Raman , Srinivasa Rao Satti

We describe a simple variant of Hierholzer's algorithm that finds an Eulerian cycle in a (multi)graph with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges using $\mathrm{O}(n \lg m)$ bits of working memory. This substantially improves the working space compared…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Ziad Ismaili Alaoui , Detlef Plump , Sebastian Wild

We describe algorithms to efficiently compute minimum $(s,t)$-cuts and global minimum cuts of undirected surface-embedded graphs. Given an edge-weighted undirected graph $G$ with $n$ vertices embedded on an orientable surface of genus $g$,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-11 Erin W. Chambers , Jeff Erickson , Kyle Fox , Amir Nayyeri

We present an algorithm for a fault tolerant Depth First Search (DFS) Tree in an undirected graph. This algorithm is drastically simpler than the current state-of-the-art algorithms for this problem, uses optimal space and optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Surender Baswana , Shiv Kumar Gupta , Ayush Tulsyan

We consider the problem of representing, in a compressed format, a bit-vector $S$ of $m$ bits with $n$ 1s, supporting the following operations, where $b \in \{0, 1 \}$: $rank_b(S,i)$ returns the number of occurrences of bit $b$ in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-02-17 Roberto Grossi , Alessio Orlandi , Rajeev Raman , S. Srinivasa Rao

Depth-first search (DFS) is the basis for many efficient graph algorithms. We introduce general techniques for the efficient implementation of DFS-based graph algorithms and exemplify them on three algorithms for computing strongly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-03-30 Kurt Mehlhorn , Stefan Näher , Peter Sanders

Breadth-first search (BFS) is known as a basic search strategy for learning graph properties. As the scales of graph databases have increased tremendously in recent years, large-scale graphs G are often disk-resident. Obtaining the BFS…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Xiaolong Wan , Xixian Han

In this paper we study graph problems in dynamic streaming model, where the input is defined by a sequence of edge insertions and deletions. As many natural problems require $\Omega(n)$ space, where $n$ is the number of vertices, existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Zengfeng Huang , Pan Peng

Dense subgraph search in bipartite graphs is a fundamental problem in graph analysis, with wide-ranging applications in fraud detection, recommendation systems, and social network analysis. The recently proposed $(\alpha, \beta)$-dense…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Yalong Zhang , Rong-Hua Li , Qi Zhang , Guoren Wang

Given a graph of which the n vertices form a regular two-dimensional grid, and in which each (possibly weighted and/or directed) edge connects a vertex to one of its eight neighbours, the following can be done in O(scan(n)) I/Os, provided M…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-12 Herman Haverkort

It is well-known since the seventies of last century that Depth First Search (DFS) can be used to compute strongly connected components [RE. Tarjan. SIAM Journal on Computing, 1972] and Breadth First Search (BFS) can be used to compute…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Binh-Minh Bui-Xuan , Michel Habib , Fabien de Montgolfier , Renaud Torfs

In this paper, we propose a depth-first search (DFS) algorithm for searching maximum matchings in general graphs. Unlike blossom shrinking algorithms, which store all possible alternative alternating paths in the super-vertices shrunk from…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Tony T. Lee , Bojun Lu , Hanli Chu

We present linear time {\it in-place} algorithms for several basic and fundamental graph problems including the well-known graph search methods (like depth-first search, breadth-first search, maximum cardinality search), connectivity…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Sankardeep Chakraborty , Kunihiko Sadakane , Srinivasa Rao Satti

To find a shortest path between two nodes $s_0$ and $s_1$ in a given graph, a classical approach is to start a Breadth-First Search (BFS) from $s_0$ and run it until the search discovers $s_1$. Alternatively, one can start two Breadth-First…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Sacha Cerf , Benjamin Dayan , Umberto De Ambroggio , Marc Kaufmann , Johannes Lengler , Ulysse Schaller