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Transient detection and flux measurement via image subtraction stand at the base of time domain astronomy. Due to the varying seeing conditions, the image subtraction process is non-trivial, and existing solutions suffer from a variety of…
Conventional LIDAR systems require hundreds or thousands of photon detections to form accurate depth and reflectivity images. Recent photon-efficient computational imaging methods are remarkably effective with only 1.0 to 3.0 detected…
Bringing artificial intelligence (AI) alongside next-generation X-ray imaging detectors, including CCDs and DEPFET sensors, enhances their sensitivity to achieve many of the flagship science cases targeted by future X-ray observatories,…
We combined steady-state photoconductivity and laser-induced transient current measurements under above-band-gap illumination to study the space charge formation in CdZnTe. Analytical as well as numerical models describing space charge…
Traditional cosmic ray filtering algorithms used in X-ray imaging detectors aboard space telescopes perform event reconstruction based on the properties of activated pixels above a certain energy threshold, within 3x3 or 5x5 pixel sliding…
A simple, yet general, formalism for the optimized linear combination of astrophysical images is constructed and demonstrated. The formalism allows the user to combine multiple undersampled images to provide oversampled output at high…
Precision measurements of charged cosmic rays have recently been carried out by space-born (e.g. AMS-02), or ground experiments (e.g. HESS). These measured data are important for the studies of astro-physical phenomena, including supernova…
A large number of different feature detectors has been proposed so far. Any existing approach presents strengths and weaknesses, which make a detector optimal only for a limited range of applications. A tool capable of selecting the optimal…
Space-based X-ray detectors are subject to significant fluxes of charged particles in orbit, notably energetic cosmic ray protons, contributing a significant background. We develop novel machine learning algorithms to detect charged…
Compton cameras are radiation detectors that provide spatial information on the origin of the {\gamma}-ray sources based on the Compton scattering effect. Many applications require these detectors to be used at high counting rate. As such,…
In this paper we study the joint determination of source and background flux for point sources as observed by digital array detectors. We explicitly compute the two-dimensional Cram\'er-Rao absolute lower bound (CRLB) as well as the…
Unlocking the vast potential of optical sensing technology has long been hindered by the challenges of achieving fast, sensitive, and broadband photodetection at ambient temperatures. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the…
Transient radio signals of astrophysical origin present an avenue for studying the dynamic universe. With the next generation of radio interferometers being planned and built, there is great potential for detecting and studying large…
Medical imaging systems are commonly assessed and optimized by the use of objective measures of image quality (IQ). The performance of the ideal observer (IO) acting on imaging measurements has long been advocated as a figure-of-merit to…
We give polynomial-time algorithms for the exact computation of lowest-energy (ground) states, worst margin violators, log partition functions, and marginal edge probabilities in certain binary undirected graphical models. Our approach…
Capturing depth and reflectivity images at low light levels from active illumination of a scene has wide-ranging applications. Conventionally, even with single-photon detectors, hundreds of photon detections are needed at each pixel to…
Accurately measuring the translations of objects between images is essential in many fields, including biology, medicine, chemistry, and physics. One important application is tracking one or more particles by measuring their apparent…
Images are formed by counting how many photons traveling from a given set of directions hit an image sensor during a given time interval. When photons are few and far in between, the concept of `image' breaks down and it is best to consider…
We develop a novel algorithm for characterizing Deep Sub-Electron Read Noise (DSERN) image sensors. This algorithm is able to simultaneously compute maximum likelihood estimates of quanta exposure, conversion gain, bias, and read noise of…
The radiometric integral is the fundamental radiance--to--flux relation in imaging, whereas \'etendue is typically used as a compact system-level descriptor. For quantitative imaging and calibration, however, the operative mapping must be…