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In the realm of biological flow networks, the ability to dynamically adjust to varying demands is paramount. Drawing inspiration from the remarkable adaptability of Physarum polycephalum, we present a novel physical mechanism tailored to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-10-05 Vidyesh Rao Anisetti , Ananth Kandala , J. M. Schwarz

In wet-lab experiments, the slime mold Physarum polycephalum has demonstrated its ability to solve shortest path problems and to design efficient networks. For the shortest path problem, a mathematical model for the evolution of the slime…

Physarum polycephalum is an acellular slime mould that grows as a highly adaptive network of veins filled with protoplasm. As it forages, Physarum dynamically rearranges its network structure as a response to local stimuli information,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-23 Rodrigo Almeida , Rui Dilão

Plasmodium of true slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, is an amoeboid organism, which spreads with developing tubular network structure and crawls on two-dimensional plane with oscillating the cell thickness. The plasmodium transforms its…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2009-04-10 Yuki Kagawa , Atsuko Takamatsu

Active fluid transport is a hallmark of many biological transport networks. While animal circulatory systems generally rely on a single heart to drive flows, other organisms employ decentralized local pumps to distribute fluids and…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-01-04 Adam B. Dionne , Katharine E. Jensen , Henrik Ronellenfitsch

Physarum Polycephalum is a slime mold that is apparently able to solve shortest path problems. A mathematical model has been proposed by biologists to describe the feedback mechanism used by the slime mold to adapt its tubular channels…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Vincenzo Bonifaci , Kurt Mehlhorn , Girish Varma

A fundamental question regarding biological transport networks is the interplay between the network development or reorganization and the flows it carries. We use Physarum polycephalum, a true slime mould with a transport network which…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-12-27 Raphaël Saiseau , Valentin Busson , Laura Xénard , Marc Durand

True slime mould Physarum polycephalum approximates a range of complex computations via growth and adaptation of its proto- plasmic transport network, stimulating a large body of recent research into how such a simple organism can perform…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-12 Jeff Jones , Andrew Adamatzky

In this paper we study dynamics inspired by Physarum polycephalum (a slime mold) for solving linear programs [NTY00, IJNT11, JZ12]. These dynamics are arrived at by a local and mechanistic interpretation of the inner workings of the slime…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-11-24 Damian Straszak , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

In this work we study and expand a model describing the dynamics of a unicellular slime mold, Physarum Polycephalum (PP), which was proposed to simulate the ability of PP to find the shortest path connecting two food sources in a maze. The…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Enrico Facca , Franco Cardin , Mario Putti

The true slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a recent well studied example of how complex transport networks emerge from simple auto-catalytic and self- organising local interactions, adapting structure and function against changing…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-03-29 Jeff Jones

Physarum polycephalum is a single-celled, multi-nucleated slime mold whose body constitutes a network of veins. As it explores its environment, it adapts and optimizes its network to external stimuli. It has been shown to exhibit complex…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-09-20 Ana Filipa Valente

The true slime mold \textit{Physarum polycephalum} has the remarkable capability to perform self-organized activities such as network formation among food sources. Despite well reproducing the emergence of slime networks, existing models…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-04 Damiano Reginato , Daniele Proverbio , Giulia Giordano

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum is known to construct proto- plasmic transport networks which approximate proximity graphs by forag- ing for nutrients during its plasmodial life cycle stage. In these networks, nodes are represented by…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Jeff Jones , Richard Mayne , Andrew Adamatzky

A dynamic self-organized morphology is the hallmark of network-shaped organisms like slime moulds and fungi. Organisms continuously re-organize their flexible, undifferentiated body plans to forage for food. Among these organisms the slime…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Karen Alim

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum has emerged as a model for self-organisation and coordination of contractile activity at large spatial scales. This self-organisation largely results from cytoplasmic flows generated by propagating…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-09-23 Raphael Saiseau , Valentin Busson , Marc Durand

Complex distribution networks are pervasive in biology. Examples include nutrient transport in the slime mold \emph{Physarum polycephalum} as well as mammalian and plant venation. Adaptive rules are believed to guide development of these…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-12-16 Henrik Ronellenfitsch , Eleni Katifori

Life evolved organisms to adapt dynamically to their environment and autonomously exhibit behaviours. While complex behaviours in organisms are typically associated with the capability of neurons to process information, the unicellular…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Mathieu Le Verge-Serandour , Karen Alim

The slime mould Physarum polycephalum displays adaptive transport dynamics and network formation that have inspired its use as a model of biological computation. We develop a Lagrangian formulation of Physarum's adaptive dynamics on…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-12 Ricard Solé , Jordi Pla-Mauri

Slime mould Physarum polycephalum builds up sophisticated networks to transport nutrients between distant part of its extended body. The slime mould's protoplasmic network is optimised for maximum coverage of nutrients yet minimum energy…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2015-03-19 Andrew Adamatzky , Selim G. Akl
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