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A major drawback in deploying central bank digital currencies (CDBC) is the offline puzzle, which requires that a CBDC must keep the provision given by cash, and, simultaneously, avoid double-spending, counterfeiting, and other issues. The…
Given a mixture between two populations of coins, "positive" coins that each have -- unknown and potentially different -- bias $\geq\frac{1}{2}+\Delta$ and "negative" coins with bias $\leq\frac{1}{2}-\Delta$, we consider the task of…
In the weighted bipartite matching problem, the goal is to find a maximum-weight matching in a bipartite graph with nonnegative edge weights. We consider its online version where the first vertex set is known beforehand, but vertices of the…
Weighted counting problems are a natural generalization of counting problems where a weight is associated with every computational path of polynomial-time non-deterministic Turing machines and the goal is to compute the sum of the weights…
Standard risk metrics used in model validation, such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance, fail to converge at practical rates when applied to high-frequency financial data characterized by heavy tails (infinite skewness). This creates a…
In this paper, a new method of detection of election fraud is proposed. This method is based on the calculation of the ratio of two standard normal random variables; estimation of parameters of obtained sample and comparison of these…
We consider the problem of revealing a small hidden lattice from the knowledge of a low-rank sublattice modulo a given sufficiently large integer -- the {\em Hidden Lattice Problem}. A central motivation of study for this problem is the…
Counterfactual explanations indicate the smallest change in input that can translate to a different outcome for a machine learning model. Counterfactuals have generated immense interest in high-stakes applications such as finance,…
One of the most fundamental problems in distribution testing is the identity testing problem: given samples $x_1,\ldots,x_s$, the goal is to determine whether the samples are drawn from a target distribution $\mathcal{D}$. When…
Recent progress in quantum cryptography and quantum computers has given hope to their imminent practical realization. An essential element at the heart of the application of these quantum systems is a quantum error correction scheme. We…
We introduce a new family of one-player games, involving the movement of coins from one configuration to another. Moves are restricted so that a coin can be placed only in a position that is adjacent to at least two other coins. The goal of…
In this paper we use a new logarithmic model of image representation, developed in [1,2], for edge detection. In fact, in the framework of the new model we obtain the formulas for computing the "contrast of a pixel" and the "contrast" image…
We have observed a common problem of solving for the marginal covariance of parameters introduced in new observations. This problem arises in several situations, including augmenting parameters to a Kalman filter, and computing weight for…
In this paper we propose a new approach to code-based signatures that makes use in particular of rank metric codes. When the classical approach consists in finding the unique preimage of a syndrome through a decoding algorithm, we propose…
A key to causal inference with observational data is achieving balance in predictive features associated with each treatment type. Recent literature has explored representation learning to achieve this goal. In this work, we discuss the…
The verification of bullion coin authenticity is essential for maintaining integrity within the precious metals market; however, the increasing sophistication of counterfeits has rendered traditional inspection methods insufficient. This…
In recent years, visual forgery has reached a level of sophistication that humans cannot identify fraud, which poses a significant threat to information security. A wide range of malicious applications have emerged, such as fake news,…
Faced with a sequence of N binary events, such as coin flips (or Ising spins), it is natural to ask whether these events reflect some underlying dynamic signals or are just random. Plausible models for the dynamics of hidden biases lead to…
In the task of discriminating between nonorthogonal quantum states from multiple copies, the key parameters are the error probability and the resources (number of copies) used. Previous studies have considered the task of minimizing the…
In a quantum money scheme, a bank can issue money that users cannot counterfeit. Similar to bills of paper money, most quantum money schemes assign a unique serial number to each money state, thus potentially compromising the privacy of the…