Related papers: Crater formation during raindrop impact on sand
The formation rate of quark matter droplets in neutron stars is calculated from a combination of bubble formation rates in cold degenerate and high temperature matter. Nuclear matter calculations of the viscosity and thermal conductivity…
It is difficult to explain rainfall from ice-free clouds, because the timescale for the onset of rain showers is shorter than the mean time for collisions between microscopic water droplets. It has been suggested that raindrops are produced…
Droplets at the air-liquid interface of immiscible liquids usually form partially-submerged lens shapes (e.g. water on oil). In addition to this structure, we showed that droplets released from critical heights above the target liquid can…
Secondary droplets produced by interactions between falling fluid drops and a liquid pool play a significant role in engineering applications and geophysical processes in nature. This study uses direct numerical simulations to investigate…
Would a raindrop impacting on a coarse beach behave differently from that impacting on a desert of fine sand? We study this question by a series of model experiments, where the packing density of the granular target, the wettability of…
For a limited set of impact conditions, a drop impacting onto a pool can entrap an air bubble as large as its own size. The subsequent rise and rupture of this large bubble plays an important role in aerosol formation and gas transport at…
The final stage of planet formation is dominated by collisions between planetary embryos. The dynamics of this stage determine the orbital configuration and the mass and composition of planets in the system. In the solar system, late giant…
For a fundamental understanding of terrain relaxation occurring on sloped surfaces of terrestrial bodies, we analyze the crater shape produced by an impact on an inclined granular (dry-sand) layer. Owing to asymmetric ejecta deposition…
A sharp transition between liquefaction and transient solidification is observed during impact on a granular suspension depending on the initial packing fraction. We demonstrate, via high-speed pressure measurements and a two-phase…
Impact dynamics during collisions of spheres with granular media reveal a pronounced and non-trivial dependence on volume fraction \phi. Post impact crater morphology identifies the critical packing state \phi_{cps}, where sheared grains…
We investigate erosion patterns observed in a horizontal granular bed resulting from seepage of water motivated by observation of beach rills and channel growth in larger scale landforms. Our experimental apparatus consists of a wide…
The evolution of a single raindrop falling below a cloud is governed by fluid dynamics and thermodynamics fundamentally transferable to planetary atmospheres beyond modern Earth's. Here, we show how three properties that characterize…
During an earthquake, slip occurs in a localised shear zone that features a heavily granulated fault core that can be characterised as a shear band. We study the formation of this fault core in a granular rock such as sandstone by…
When a free-falling liquid droplet is hit by a laser it experiences a strong ablation driven pressure pulse. Here we study the resulting droplet deformation in the regime where the ablation pressure duration is short, i.e. comparable to the…
We investigate a subfreezing droplet impact scenario in a low-humidity environment, where the target is a cold granular monolayer. When the undercooling degree of targets passes a threshold, such a granular layer effectively postpones the…
Due to the potential application of regulating droplet shape by external fields in microfluidic technology and micro devices, it becomes increasingly important to understand the shape formation of a droplet in the presence of an electric…
A projectile impact onto a granular target produces an ejecta curtain with the heterogeneous material distribution. Understanding how the heterogeneous pattern forms is potentially important for understanding how crater rays form. Previous…
Drop deformation in shear flow is determined up to second order theory in Ca while considering kinetic effects on surfactants distributions in steady state. Surfactants inside the drop are adsorbed faster than those on the surface leading…
Global scale impacts modify the physical or thermal state of a substantial fraction of a target asteroid. Specific effects include accretion, family formation, reshaping, mixing and layering, shock and frictional heating, fragmentation,…
The paper presents a model of electric charge generation in precipitating clouds due to breaking of large particles in low melting layer. The Earth's electric field polarises the droplets and they break into small negatively charged and…