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A set of vectors of equal norm in $\mathbb{C}^d$ represents equiangular lines if the magnitudes of the inner product of every pair of distinct vectors in the set are equal. The maximum size of such a set is $d^2$, and it is conjectured that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-13 Jonathan Jedwab , Amy Wiebe

We compute the second and third levels of the Lasserre hierarchy for the spherical finite distance problem. A connection is used between invariants in representations of the orthogonal group and representations of the general linear group,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2023-09-06 David de Laat , Fabrício Caluza Machado , Willem de Muinck Keizer

We determine the maximum number $N_\alpha(d)$ of equiangular lines with fixed angle $\arccos\alpha$ for $\alpha = 1/(1+2\sqrt2)$ in $d$-dimensional Euclidean space: $2,3,4,6,8,10,14,15,16,17,18,20,22$ for $d \in \{2,\dots,14\}$, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Theodore Gossett , Zilin Jiang , Adam Teets , Zoe Wellner

The relation between equiangular sets of lines in the real space and distance-regular double covers of the complete graph is well known and studied since the work of Seidel and others in the 70's. The main topic of this paper is to continue…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-05-23 Gabriel Coutinho , Chris Godsil , Mirhamed Shirazi , Harmony Zhan

For $e$ a positive integer, we find restrictions modulo $2^e$ on the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial $\chi_S(x)$ of a Seidel matrix $S$. We show that, for a Seidel matrix of order $n$ even (resp. odd), there are at most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-23 Gary R. W. Greaves , Pavlo Yatsyna

Solving a longstanding problem on equiangular lines, we determine, for each given fixed angle and in all sufficiently large dimensions, the maximum number of lines pairwise separated by the given angle. Fix $0 < \alpha < 1$. Let…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-01 Zilin Jiang , Jonathan Tidor , Yuan Yao , Shengtong Zhang , Yufei Zhao

The set of points in a metric space is called an $s$-distance set if pairwise distances between these points admit only $s$ distinct values. Two-distance spherical sets with the set of scalar products $\{\alpha, -\alpha\}$,…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Alexey Glazyrin , Wei-Hsuan Yu

Delsarte, Goethals, and Seidel (1977) used the linear programming method in order to find bounds for the size of spherical codes endowed with prescribed inner products between distinct points in the code. In this paper, we develop the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-07-16 Hiroshi Nozaki

We study scalar-linear and vector-linear solutions of the generalized combination network. We derive new upper and lower bounds on the maximum number of nodes in the middle layer, depending on the network parameters and the alphabet size.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-12 Hedongliang Liu , Hengjia Wei , Sven Puchinger , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Moshe Schwartz

As a generalization of equiangular lines, equiangular subspaces were first systematically studied by Balla, Dr\"{a}xler, Keevash and Sudakov in 2017. In this paper, we extend their work to $s$-distance subspaces, i.e., to sets of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-13 LiXia Wang , Ke Ye

We study scalar-linear and vector-linear solutions to the generalized combination network. We derive new upper and lower bounds on the maximum number of nodes in the middle layer, depending on the network parameters. These bounds improve…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Hedongliang Liu , Hengjia Wei , Sven Puchinger , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Moshe Schwartz

A set of vectors of equal norm in $\mathbb{C}^d$ represents equiangular lines if the magnitudes of the Hermitian inner product of every pair of distinct vectors in the set are equal. The maximum size of such a set is $d^2$, and it is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-23 Jonathan Jedwab , Amy Wiebe

Linear codes in the projective space $\mathbb{P}_q(n)$, the set of all subspaces of the vector space $\mathbb{F}_q^n$, were first considered by Braun, Etzion and Vardy. The Grassmannian $\mathbb{G}_q(n,k)$ is the collection of all subspaces…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Pranab Basu

We prove, under suitable conditions, a lower bound on the number of pinned distances determined by small subsets of two-dimensional vector spaces over fields. For finite subsets of the Euclidean plane we prove an upper bound for their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-16 Ben Lund , Giorgis Petridis

A set $C$ of unit vectors in $\mathbb{R}^d$ is called an $L$-spherical code if $x \cdot y \in L$ for any distinct $x,y$ in $C$. Spherical codes have been extensively studied since their introduction in the 1970's by Delsarte, Goethals and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-25 Peter Keevash , Benny Sudakov

We construct Euclidean lattices whose sets of minimal vectors support some large equiangular families of lines, using notably reduction modulo~$2$ of lattices. %as considered in \cite{Ma1} and \cite{Ma2}. We also consider some related…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Jacques Martinet

Line systems passing through the origin of the $d$ dimensional Euclidean space admitting exactly two distinct angles are called biangular. It is shown that the maximum cardinality of biangular lines is at least $2(d-1)(d-2)$, and this…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2019-10-15 Mikhail Ganzhinov , Ferenc Szöllősi

A polytope in a finite-dimensional normed space is subequilateral if the length in the norm of each of its edges equals its diameter. Subequilateral polytopes occur in the study of two unrelated subjects: surface energy minimizing cones and…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Konrad J Swanepoel

We investigate universal bounds on spherical codes and spherical designs that could be obtained using Delsarte's linear programming methods. We give a lower estimate for the LP upper bound on codes, and an upper estimate for the LP lower…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-07-13 Alex Samorodnitsky

We prove a sharp upper bound on the number of distinct columns of a totally unimodular matrix with column sums $1$ improving upon Heller's classical bound. The proof uses Seymour's decomposition theorem. Such matrices are closely related to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-14 Benjamin Nill