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Unsupervised learning aims at the discovery of hidden structure that drives the observations in the real world. It is essential for success in modern machine learning. Latent variable models are versatile in unsupervised learning and have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Furong Huang

Our work addresses the problem of unsupervised Aspect Category Detection using a small set of seed words. Recent works have focused on learning embedding spaces for seed words and sentences to establish similarities between sentences and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Thi-Nhung Nguyen , Hoang Ngo , Kiem-Hieu Nguyen , Tuan-Dung Cao

Generating textual descriptions for images has been an attractive problem for the computer vision and natural language processing researchers in recent years. Dozens of models based on deep learning have been proposed to solve this problem.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Ahmad Asadi , Reza Safabakhsh

Autoencoding has achieved great empirical success as a framework for learning generative models for natural images. Autoencoders often use generic deep networks as the encoder or decoder, which are difficult to interpret, and the learned…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Xili Dai , Ke Chen , Shengbang Tong , Jingyuan Zhang , Xingjian Gao , Mingyang Li , Druv Pai , Yuexiang Zhai , XIaojun Yuan , Heung-Yeung Shum , Lionel M. Ni , Yi Ma

Many NLP applications require disambiguating polysemous words. Existing methods that learn polysemous word vector representations involve first detecting various senses and optimizing the sense-specific embeddings separately, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-16 Yifan Sun , Nikhil Rao , Weicong Ding

Cross-lingual word embeddings aim to bridge the gap between high-resource and low-resource languages by allowing to learn multilingual word representations even without using any direct bilingual signal. The lion's share of the methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Magdalena Biesialska , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Pre-trained word embeddings encode general word semantics and lexical regularities of natural language, and have proven useful across many NLP tasks, including word sense disambiguation, machine translation, and sentiment analysis, to name…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Alejandro Moreo , Andrea Esuli , Fabrizio Sebastiani

Unsupervised pre-training was a critical technique for training deep neural networks years ago. With sufficient labeled data and modern training techniques, it is possible to train very deep neural networks from scratch in a purely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-29 Jianfeng Dong , Xiao-Jiao Mao , Chunhua Shen , Yu-Bin Yang

In this paper, we consider the task of retrieving documents with predefined topics from an unlabeled document dataset using an unsupervised approach. The proposed unsupervised approach requires only a small number of keywords describing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Tim Schopf , Daniel Braun , Florian Matthes

As a fundamental task in natural language processing, word embedding converts each word into a representation in a vector space. A challenge with word embedding is that as the vocabulary grows, the vector space's dimension increases, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jintang Xue , Yun-Cheng Wang , Chengwei Wei , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Word embedding is a powerful tool in natural language processing. In this paper we consider the problem of word embedding composition \--- given vector representations of two words, compute a vector for the entire phrase. We give a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Abraham Frandsen , Rong Ge

Large language models face significant computational bottlenecks during inference due to the expensive output layer computation over large vocabularies. We present CSV-Decode, a novel approach that uses geometric upper bounds to construct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu , Ben Lengerich

Publicly available, large pretrained LanguageModels (LMs) generate text with remarkable quality, but only sequentially from left to right. As a result, they are not immediately applicable to generation tasks that break the unidirectional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Peter West , Ximing Lu , Ari Holtzman , Chandra Bhagavatula , Jena Hwang , Yejin Choi

In sentence modeling and classification, convolutional neural network approaches have recently achieved state-of-the-art results, but all such efforts process word vectors sequentially and neglect long-distance dependencies. To exploit both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Mingbo Ma , Liang Huang , Bing Xiang , Bowen Zhou

Recent research demonstrates the effectiveness of using fine-tuned language models~(LM) for dense retrieval. However, dense retrievers are hard to train, typically requiring heavily engineered fine-tuning pipelines to realize their full…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-13 Luyu Gao , Jamie Callan

We introduce two pre-trained retrieval focused multilingual sentence encoding models, respectively based on the Transformer and CNN model architectures. The models embed text from 16 languages into a single semantic space using a multi-task…

Recent research has delved into speech enhancement (SE) approaches that leverage audio embeddings from pre-trained models, diverging from time-frequency masking or signal prediction techniques. This paper introduces an efficient and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Xingwei Sun , Heinrich Dinkel , Yadong Niu , Linzhang Wang , Junbo Zhang , Jian Luan

This paper presents a simple end-to-end model for speech recognition, combining a convolutional network based acoustic model and a graph decoding. It is trained to output letters, with transcribed speech, without the need for force…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-14 Ronan Collobert , Christian Puhrsch , Gabriel Synnaeve

Semantic representations of words have been successfully extracted from unlabeled corpuses using neural network models like word2vec. These representations are generally high quality and are computationally inexpensive to train, making them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-24 Raj Patel , Carlotta Domeniconi

The high dimensional and semantically complex nature of textual Big data presents significant challenges for text clustering, which frequently lead to suboptimal groupings when using conventional techniques like k-means or hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Mohammad Wali Ur Rahman , Ric Nevarez , Lamia Tasnim Mim , Salim Hariri