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Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides secure keys resistant to code-breaking quantum computers. As headed towards commercial application, it is crucial to guarantee the practical security of QKD systems. However, the difficulty of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-14 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Hong Guo

We present a protocol for quantum key distribution using discrete modulation of coherent states of light. Information is encoded in the variable phase of coherent states which can be chosen from a regular discrete set ranging from binary to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Denis Sych , Gerd Leuchs

We demonstrate quantum key distribution (QKD) with classical signals in a seven-core fiber using dense wavelength division multiplexing. Quantum signals are transmitted in an outer core separately and intercore crosstalk (IC-XT) is the main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Chun Cai , Yongmei Sun , Yongrui Zhang , Peng Zhang , Jianing Niu , Yuefeng Ji

We define "coherent communication" in terms of a simple primitive, show it is equivalent to the ability to send a classical message with a unitary or isometric operation, and use it to relate other resources in quantum information theory.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Aram W. Harrow

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables secure communication by harnessing the fundamental principles of quantum physics, which inherently guarantee information-theoretic security and intrinsic resistance to quantum computing attacks.…

We demonstrate experimentally the feasibility of continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) in dense-wavelength-division multiplexing networks (DWDM), where QKD will typically have to coexist with several co- propagating (forward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-23 Rupesh Kumar , Hao Qin , Romain Alléaume

Advances in quantum physics and computational complexity threaten the security of present day cryptographic systems and have driven the development of quantum key distribution (QKD). Entangled quantum key distribution (EQKD) is a secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-08 Patrick Rice , Israel J. Owens

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a technique to establish a secret key between two parties through a quantum channel. Several QKD protocols have been proposed and implemented over optical fibers or free space links. The main challenge of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-20 Mitali Sisodia , Omshankar , Vivek Venkataraman , Joyee Ghosh

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols make it possible for two quantum parties to generate a secret shared key. Semiquantum key distribution (SQKD) protocols, such as "QKD with classical Bob" and "QKD with classical Alice" (that have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-01 Michel Boyer , Matty Katz , Rotem Liss , Tal Mor

Mobile devices have become an inseparable part of our everyday life. They are used to transmit an ever-increasing amount of sensitive health, financial and personal information. This exposes us to the growing scale and sophistication of…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic method enabling two parties to establish a private encryption key. The range of communication of ground-based QKD is limited to an order of 100km, due to in-fibre attenuations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-04 Olivia Lee , Tom Vergoossen

Continuous-variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) allows for quantum secure communication with the benefit of being close to existing classical coherent communication. In recent years, CV QKD protocols using a discrete number of…

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy

The incorporation of multiplexing techniques used in Microwave Photonics to Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems bring important advantages enabling the simultaneous and parallel delivery of multiple keys between a central station and…

Establishing secure data communication necessitates secure key exchange over a public channel. Quantum key distribution (QKD), which leverages the principles of quantum physics, can achieve this with information-theoretic security. The…

Using quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, a secret key is created between two distant users (transmitter and receiver) at a particular key rate. Quantum technology can facilitate secure communication for cryptographic applications,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-09 Venkat Abhignan , Mohit Mittal , Aditi Das , Megha Shrivastava

Semi-quantum key distribution (SQKD) allows sharing random keys between a quantum user and a classical user, which significantly saves user resources, especially when using the Single-state protocol. However, the operation of the classical…

While Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has been proven in lab environments, large-scale implementation requires integration with existing infrastructure. This paper proposes an opportunistic QKD framework that takes advantage of idle spectral…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Sumit Chaudhary , Pere Munar Vallespir , Alonso Viladomat Jasso , Janis Nötzel

The advent of quantum key distribution (QKD) has revolutionized secure communication by providing unconditional security, unlike classical cryptographic methods. However, its effectiveness relies on robust identity authentication, as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Arindam Dutta

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is considered to be an alternative to classical cryptography for secure communication. However, its transmission distance is restricted to metropolitan areas, given that it is affected by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Jian Zhou , Duan Huang , Ying Guo