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The observation of spin-dependent transport through organic chiral structures has sparked numerous fundamental and applicative questions ranging from biology to spintronics. By now, there is a broad consensus that the effect results from…
When inhibitory neurons constitute about 40% of neurons they could have an important antinociceptive role, as they would easily regulate the level of activity of other neurons. We consider a simple network of cortical spiking neurons with…
A discrete time stochastic feedback control system with a noisy communication channel between the sensor and the controller is considered. The sensor has limited memory. At each time, the sensor transmits encoded symbol over the channel and…
Functional connectivity is a fundamental property of neural networks that quantifies the segregation and integration of information between cortical areas. Due to mathematical complexity, a theory that could explain how the parameters of…
Spikes are the currency in central nervous systems for information transmission and processing. They are also believed to play an essential role in low-power consumption of the biological systems, whose efficiency attracts increasing…
Stochastic transitions between discrete microscopic states play an important role in many physical and biological systems. Often, these transitions lead to fluctuations on a macroscopic scale. A classic example from neuroscience is the…
Bacterial chemotaxis has long been viewed as operating near the physical limits of sensing, as originally articulated by Berg and Purcell. Recent information-theoretic analyses challenge this view, suggesting that Escherichia coli uses only…
Sequences of events in noise-driven excitable systems with slow variables often show serial correlations among their intervals of events. Here, we employ a master equation for general non-renewal processes to calculate the interval and…
Large language models (LLMs) display strong comprehensive abilities, yet the internal mechanisms that support these behaviors remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we show that across a wide range of open-weight Transformers, a…
Shannon's Capacity Theorem is the main concept behind the Theory of Communication. It says that if the amount of information contained in a signal is smaller than the channel capacity of a physical media of communication, it can be…
The discovery of the spin torque effect has made magnetic nanodevices realistic candidates for active elements of memory devices and applications. Magnetoresistive effects allow the read-out of increasingly small magnetic bits, and the spin…
Simplified stochastic models are widely used in the study of frequency-resolved noise propagation in biochemical reaction networks, a common measure being the coherence between random fluctuations in molecule number trajectories. Such…
Living entities in a group communicate and transfer information to one another for a variety of reasons. It might be for foraging food, migration, or escaping threats and obstacles, etc. They do so by interacting with each other and also…
Spin transfer - the transfer of angular momentum from spin-polarized electrical current to magnetic materials - has been extensively researched as an efficient mechanism for the electronic manipulation of the static and dynamic states in…
Synaptic connections are known to change dynamically. High-frequency presynaptic inputs induce decrease of synaptic weights. This process is known as short-term synaptic depression. The synaptic depression controls a gain for presynaptic…
An important challenge in quantum science is to fully understand the efficiency of energy flow in networks. Here we present a simple and intuitive explanation for the intriguing observation that optimally efficient networks are not purely…
We present a general theory for noise-induced corrections to the angular velocity of spiral waves. Stochasticity produces two second-order effects: an instantaneous term from heterogeneity that always slows rotation, and an orbital-drift…
Stimuli-responsive materials that modify their shape in response to changes in environmental conditions -- such as solute concentration, temperature, pH, and stress -- are widespread in nature and technology. Applications include micro- and…
Cells sense environmental signals and transmit information intracellularly through changes in the abundance of molecular components. Such molecular abundances can be measured in single cells and exhibit significant heterogeneity in clonal…
Noise is commonly regarded as an adverse effect disrupting communication and coherent transport processes or limiting their efficiency. However, as has been shown for example for small light-harvesting protein complexes decoherence…