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The magnetic fields can change their topology through a process known as magnetic reconnection. This process in not only important for understanding the origin and evolution of the large-scale magnetic field, but is seen as a possibly…
Changes in the solar surface area covered by small-scale magnetic elements are thought to cause long-term changes in the solar spectral irradiance, which are important for determining the impact on Earth's climate. To study the effect of…
The testing of atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion intakes is an important step in the development of functional propulsion systems which provide sustained drag compensation in very low Earth orbits. To make satellite operations more…
It is pointed out, that in the light of recent results on the semionic or anomalous behaviour of electrons below the Fermi temperature, the solid core of the earth which has been ignored so far, would contribute significantly to…
Recent theoretical studies have suggested that a magnetic field may play a crucial role in the first star formation in the universe. However, the influence of the magnetic field on the first star formation has yet to be understood well. In…
Electrocatalysis is greatly influenced by the local reaction environment, which is governed by the structure of the catalyst, the distribution of the electrolyte, and the local electric field. In catalytic systems comprised of complex…
The magnetic compression experiment at General Fusion was a repetitive non-destructive test to study plasma physics applicable to magnetic target fusion compression. A compact torus (CT) is formed with a co-axial gun into a containment…
Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies during explosive energy-release phenomena in space, solar, and astrophysical plasma environments. While it has been established that magnetic reconnection plays an important role…
Accurately observing the rarefied media of the upper atmosphere, exosphere, and planetary and solar system environments and beyond requires highly sensitive metrological techniques. We present the operating concept and architecture of an…
The PAMELA satellite experiment is providing first direct measurements of Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) with energies from about 80 MeV to several GeV in near-Earth space, bridging the low energy data by other space-based instruments and…
We present a thermodynamics experiment suitable for first year undergraduate students employing Stirling Engines to create a demonstration of energy transformation and to measure the mechanical efficiency of such engines. Using an…
It has been established that the Coulomb interactions can transform the electron gas into a viscous fluid. This fluid is realized in a number of platforms, including graphene and two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures. The defining…
One of the most fundamental problems in physics has been to understand the nature of the mechanism that generates the geomagnetic field and the magnetic fields of other planets and satellites. For decades, the dynamo mechanism, thought to…
Solar eruptions, known as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), are frequently observed on our Sun. Recent Kepler observations of superflares on G-type stars have implied that so called super-CMEs, possessing kinetic energies 10 times of the most…
The aim of the present study is to simulate the interaction between the solar wind and the Hermean magnetosphere. We use the MHD code PLUTO in spherical coordinates with an axisymmetric multipolar expansion of the Hermean magnetic field, to…
Photophoretic motion can transport illuminated particles in protoplanetary disks. In a previous paper we focused on the modeling of steady state photophoretic forces based on the compositions derived from tomography and heat transfer. Here,…
All cool main sequence stars including our Sun are thought to have magnetic fields. Observations of the Sun revealed that even in quiet regions small-scale turbulent magnetic fields are present. Simulations further showed that such magnetic…
Kepler and TESS observations led to the discovery of many close-in super Earths, including some with ultra-short orbital periods ($\lesssim 1$ day). During and shortly after their multi-Myr formation epoch, their GKM host stars generally…
In the quiet Sun, magnetic fields are usually observed as small-scale magnetic elements, `salt and pepper', covering the entire solar surface. By using 3D radiative MHD numerical simulations we demonstrate that these fields are a result of…
Large-scale planetary or stellar magnetic fields generated by a dynamo effect are mostly attributed to flows forced by buoyancy forces in electrically conducting fluid layers. However, these large-scale fields may also be controlled by…