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The basic problem in the cooperation theory is to justify the cooperation. Here we propose a new approach, where players are driven by their altruism to cooperate or not. The probability of cooperation depends also on the co-player's…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 Krzysztof Kulakowski , Przemyslaw Gawronski

The evolution and long-term sustenance of cooperation has consistently piqued scholarly interest across the disciplines of evolutionary biology and social sciences. Previous theoretical and experimental studies on collective risk social…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-23 Shijia Hua , Zitong Hui , Linjie Liu

Upstream reciprocity (also called generalized reciprocity) is a putative mechanism for cooperation in social dilemma situations with which players help others when they are helped by somebody else. It is a type of indirect reciprocity.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2011-10-11 Naoki Masuda

Many ad hoc routing protocols are based on some variant of flooding. Despite various optimizations, many routing messages are propagated unnecessarily. We propose a gossiping-based approach, where each node forwards a message with some…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Zygmunt Haas , Joseph Y. Halpern , Erran L. Li

We study a gossip-based algorithm for searching data objects in a multipeer communication network. All of the nodes in the network are able to communicate with each other. There exists an initiator node that starts a round of searches by…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-07-16 Eva Jaho , Ioannis Koukoutsidis , Siyu Tang , Ioannis Stavrakakis , Piet Van Mieghem

When collaborating with multiple parties, communicating relevant information is of utmost importance to efficiently completing the tasks at hand. Under active inference, communication can be cast as sharing beliefs between free-energy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Ozan Catal , Toon Van de Maele , Riddhi J. Pitliya , Mahault Albarracin , Candice Pattisapu , Tim Verbelen

We introduce models of gossip based communication networks in which each node is simultaneously a sensor, a relay and a user of information. We model the status of ages of information between nodes as a discrete time Markov chain. In this…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-10-30 Jori Selen , Yoni Nazarathy , Lachlan L. H. Andrew , Hai L. Vu

Kin selection and direct reciprocity are two most basic mechanisms for promoting cooperation in human society. Generalizing the standard models of the multi-player Prisoner's Dilemma and the Public Goods games for heterogeneous populations,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-06-21 Boyu Zhang , Yali Dong , Cheng-Zhong Qin , Sergey Gavrilets

Besides the structure of interactions within networks, also the interactions between networks are of the outmost importance. We therefore study the outcome of the public goods game on two interdependent networks that are connected by means…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-08-13 Zhen Wang , Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Models of strategy evolution on static networks help us understand how population structure can promote the spread of traits like cooperation. One key mechanism is the formation of altruistic spatial clusters, where neighbors of a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-09-07 Qi Su , Alex McAvoy , Joshua B. Plotkin

As agentic platforms scale, agents are evolving beyond static roles and fixed toolchains, creating a growing need for flexible, decentralized coordination. Today's structured communication protocols (e.g., direct agent-to-agent messaging)…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Mansura Habiba , Nafiul I. Khan

Cooperation and competition coexist and coevolve in natural and social systems. Cooperation generates resources, which in turn, drive non-cooperative competition to secure individual shares. How this complex interplay between cooperation…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-09-03 Wenqiang Zhu , Xin Wang , Chaoqian Wang , Weijie Xing , Longzhao Liu , Hongwei Zheng , Jingwu Zhao , Shaoting Tang

We consider a network of $n$ user nodes that receives updates from a source and employs an age-based gossip protocol for faster dissemination of version updates to all nodes. When a node forwards its packet to another node, the packet…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Priyanka Kaswan , Sennur Ulukus

Cooperative behavior constitutes a key aspect of human society and non-human animal systems, but explaining how cooperation evolves represents a major scientific challenge. It is now well established that social network structure plays a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-11-20 Josefine Bohr Brask , Jonatan Bohr Brask

Wealthy individuals may be less tempted to defect than those with comparatively low payoffs. To take this into consideration, we introduce coevolutionary success-driven multigames in structured populations. While the core game is always the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-10-17 Attila Szolnoki , Matjaz Perc

Social structure affects the emergence and maintenance of cooperation. Here we study the evolutionary dynamics of cooperation in fragmented societies, and show that conjoining segregated cooperation-inhibiting groups, if done properly,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Babak Fotouhi , Naghmeh Momeni , Benjamin Allen , Martin A. Nowak

We examine how misinformation spreads in social networks composed of individuals with long-term offline relationships. Especially, we focus on why misinformation persists and diffuses despite being recognized by most as false. In our…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-13 Shuige Liu

The fact that humans cooperate with non-kin in large groups, or with people they will never meet again, is a long-standing evolutionary puzzle with profound implications. Cooperation is linked to altruism, the capacity to perform costly…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Angel Sanchez , Jose A. Cuesta

Many online marketplaces enjoy great success. Buyers and sellers in successful markets carry out cooperative transactions even if they do not know each other in advance and a moral hazard exists. An indispensable component that enables…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2012-09-11 Naoki Masuda , Mitsuhiro Nakamura

We consider the coupled dynamics of the adaption of network structure and the evolution of strategies played by individuals occupying the network vertices. We propose a computational model in which each agent plays a $n$-round Prisoner's…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-11-05 Feng Fu , Xiaojie Chen , Lianghuan Liu , Long Wang