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Lexical constraints on the input of speech and on-line handwriting systems improve the performance of such systems. A significant gain in speed can be achieved by integrating in a digraph structure the different Hidden Markov Models (HMM)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Alain Lifchitz , Frederic Maire , Dominique Revuz

This project intends to study the image representation based on attention mechanism and multimodal data. By adding multiple pattern layers to the attribute model, the semantic and hidden layers of image content are integrated. The word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Dan Sun , Yaxin Liang , Yining Yang , Yuhan Ma , Qishi Zhan , Erdi Gao

Word embedding models offer continuous vector representations that can capture rich contextual semantics based on their word co-occurrence patterns. While these word vectors can provide very effective features used in many NLP tasks such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-27 Cem Safak Sahin , Rajmonda S. Caceres , Brandon Oselio , William M. Campbell

Word representations induced from models with discrete latent variables (e.g.\ HMMs) have been shown to be beneficial in many NLP applications. In this work, we exploit labeled syntactic dependency trees and formalize the induction problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-08 Simon Šuster , Gertjan van Noord , Ivan Titov

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) architecture has recently demonstrated effectiveness in Machine Learning (ML), particularly within Natural Language Processing (NLP). It has been utilized to construct word embedding using conjunctive propositional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo , Bimal Bhattarai

Recent advances in using retrieval components over external knowledge sources have shown impressive results for a variety of downstream tasks in natural language processing. Here, we explore the use of unstructured external knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Shir Gur , Natalia Neverova , Chris Stauffer , Ser-Nam Lim , Douwe Kiela , Austin Reiter

Recent approaches for sentiment lexicon induction have capitalized on pre-trained word embeddings that capture latent semantic properties. However, embeddings obtained by optimizing performance of a given task (e.g. predicting contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-09 Silvio Amir , Rámon Astudillo , Wang Ling , Paula C. Carvalho , Mário J. Silva

The representation space of pretrained Language Models (LMs) encodes rich information about words and their relationships (e.g., similarity, hypernymy, polysemy) as well as abstract semantic notions (e.g., intensity). In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Qing Lyu , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Distributed dense word vectors have been shown to be effective at capturing token-level semantic and syntactic regularities in language, while topic models can form interpretable representations over documents. In this work, we describe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-05-09 Christopher E Moody

Existing approaches to mapping-based cross-lingual word embeddings are based on the assumption that the source and target embedding spaces are structurally similar. The structures of embedding spaces largely depend on the co-occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Ryokan Ri , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Topic models have been widely used in discovering latent topics which are shared across documents in text mining. Vector representations, word embeddings and topic embeddings, map words and topics into a low-dimensional and dense real-value…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-02-24 Jarvan Law , Hankz Hankui Zhuo , Junhua He , Erhu Rong

Word embeddings such as ELMo have recently been shown to model word semantics with greater efficacy through contextualized learning on large-scale language corpora, resulting in significant improvement in state of the art across many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Shao-Yen Tseng , Panayiotis Georgiou , Shrikanth Narayanan

We present a probabilistic model that simultaneously learns alignments and distributed representations for bilingual data. By marginalizing over word alignments the model captures a larger semantic context than prior work relying on hard…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-05-06 Tomáš Kočiský , Karl Moritz Hermann , Phil Blunsom

Word representation is a fundamental component in neural language understanding models. Recently, pre-trained language models (PrLMs) offer a new performant method of contextualized word representations by leveraging the sequence-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Zhuosheng Zhang , Haojie Yu , Hai Zhao , Rui Wang , Masao Utiyama

This work focuses on in-context data augmentation for intent detection. Having found that augmentation via in-context prompting of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) alone does not improve performance, we introduce a novel approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Yen-Ting Lin , Alexandros Papangelis , Seokhwan Kim , Sungjin Lee , Devamanyu Hazarika , Mahdi Namazifar , Di Jin , Yang Liu , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

We introduce a new type of deep contextualized word representation that models both (1) complex characteristics of word use (e.g., syntax and semantics), and (2) how these uses vary across linguistic contexts (i.e., to model polysemy). Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-26 Matthew E. Peters , Mark Neumann , Mohit Iyyer , Matt Gardner , Christopher Clark , Kenton Lee , Luke Zettlemoyer

This paper addresses the limitations of large language models in understanding long-term context. It proposes a model architecture equipped with a long-term memory mechanism to improve the retention and retrieval of semantic information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yue Xing , Tao Yang , Yijiashun Qi , Minggu Wei , Yu Cheng , Honghui Xin

Sentence embedding is one of the most fundamental tasks in Natural Language Processing and plays an important role in various tasks. The recent breakthrough in sentence embedding is achieved by pre-trained language models (PLMs). Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Lingfeng Shen , Haiyun Jiang , Lemao Liu , Shuming Shi

In this paper, we tackle the task of definition modeling, where the goal is to learn to generate definitions of words and phrases. Existing approaches for this task are discriminative, combining distributional and lexical semantics in an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Machel Reid , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Yutaka Matsuo

Learning high-quality embeddings for rare words is a hard problem because of sparse context information. Mimicking (Pinter et al., 2017) has been proposed as a solution: given embeddings learned by a standard algorithm, a model is first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Timo Schick , Hinrich Schütze