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Related papers: A distance exponent for Liouville quantum gravity

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Let $\gamma\in (0,2)$, let $h$ be the planar Gaussian free field, and let $D_h$ be the associated $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric. We prove that for any random Borel set $X \subset \mathbb{C}$ which is independent from $h$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Ewain Gwynne , Joshua Pfeffer

We investigate the notion of curvature in the context of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces. We define the Gaussian curvature for LQG, which we conjecture is the scaling limit of discrete curvature on random planar maps. Motivated by…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Andres Contreras Hip , Ewain Gwynne

We show that for each $\gamma \in (0,2)$, there is a unique metric (i.e., distance function) associated with $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG). More precisely, we show that for the whole-plane Gaussian free field (GFF) $h$, there is…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) is, heuristically, a theory of random Riemannian geometry with Riemannian metric tensor $e^{\gamma h} (\mathrm{d} x^2 + \mathrm{d} y^2)$, where $h$ is a variant of the Gaussian free field and $\gamma > 0$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Charles Devlin VI

Originating in theoretical physics, Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) has been an important topic in probability theory and mathematical physics in the past two decades. In this proceeding, we review two aspects of this topic. The first is…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Nina Holden , Xin Sun

There is a simple way to "glue together" a coupled pair of continuum random trees (CRTs) to produce a topological sphere. The sphere comes equipped with a measure and a space-filling curve (which describes the "interface" between the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-20 Bertrand Duplantier , Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield

There is a substantial literature concerning Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in two dimensions with conformal matter field of central charge ${\mathbf{c}}_{\mathrm M}\in(-\infty,1]$. Via the DDK ansatz, LQG can equivalently be described as…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Ewain Gwynne , Nina Holden , Joshua Pfeffer , Guillaume Remy

We prove that SLE$_\kappa$ for $\kappa \in (4,8)$ on an independent $\gamma=4/\sqrt{\kappa}$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface is uniquely characterized by the form of its LQG boundary length process and the form of the conditional…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-12 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, the quantum disk and $\gamma$-quantum wedge are two of the most natural types of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces with boundary. These surfaces arise as scaling limits of finite and infinite random planar…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-12 Morris Ang , Ewain Gwynne

We introduce a general technique for proving estimates for certain random planar maps which belong to the $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) universality class for $\gamma \in (0,2)$. The family of random planar maps we consider are…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-03-12 Ewain Gwynne , Nina Holden , Xin Sun

There are many deep and useful theorems relating Schramm-Loewner evolution (SLE$_\kappa$) and Liouville quantum gravity ($\gamma$-LQG) in the case when the parameters satisfy $\kappa \in \{\gamma^2, 16/\gamma^2\}$. Roughly speaking, these…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-01 Morris Ang , Ewain Gwynne

Over the past few decades, two natural random surface models have emerged within physics and mathematics. The first is Liouville quantum gravity, which has its roots in string theory and conformal field theory from the 1980s and 1990s. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-06 Jason Miller

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) is a one-parameter family of models of random fractal surfaces which first appeared in the physics literature in the 1980s. Recent works have constructed a metric (distance function) on an LQG surface. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-02-24 Jian Ding , Julien Dubedat , Ewain Gwynne

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surfaces are a family of random fractal surfaces which can be thought of as the canonical models of random two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, in the same sense that Brownian motion is the canonical model…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Ewain Gwynne

Consider a bounded planar domain D, an instance h of the Gaussian free field on D (with Dirichlet energy normalized by 1/(2\pi)), and a constant 0 < gamma < 2. The Liouville quantum gravity measure on D is the weak limit as epsilon tends to…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-03 Bertrand Duplantier , Scott Sheffield

For Brownian surfaces with boundary and an interior marked point, a natural observable to consider is the distance profile, defined as the process of distances from the marked point to a variable point $x$ lying on the boundary. When the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-23 Manan Bhatia

We study Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in the supercritical (a.k.a. strongly coupled) phase, which has background charge $Q \in (0,2)$ and central charge $\mathbf{c}_{\mathrm{L}} = 1+6Q^2 \in (1,25)$. Recent works have shown how to define…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Manan Bhatia , Ewain Gwynne , Jinwoo Sung

Physics considerations suggest that a theory of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) should exist for all values of matter central charge $\mathbf{c} \in (-\infty,25)$. Probabilists have rigorously defined LQG as a random metric measure space…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Joshua Pfeffer

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) and the Brownian map (TBM) are two distinct models of measure-endowed random surfaces. LQG is defined in terms of a real parameter $\gamma$, and it has long been believed that when $\gamma = \sqrt{8/3}$, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-07-30 Jason Miller , Scott Sheffield

The purpose of this article is threefold. First, we show that when one explores a conformal loop ensemble of parameter $\kappa=4$ ($\mathrm{CLE}_4$) on an independent $2$-Liouville quantum gravity ($2$-LQG) disk, the surfaces which are cut…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Emmanuel Kammerer
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