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Large language models demonstrate remarkable ability in factual recall, yet the fundamental limits of storing and retrieving input--output associations with neural networks remain unclear. We study these limits in a minimal setting: a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-12 Alessio Giorlandino , Sebastian Goldt , Antoine Maillard

We present a Hopfield-like autoassociative network for memories representing examples of concepts. Each memory is encoded by two activity patterns with complementary properties. The first is dense and correlated across examples within…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-28 Louis Kang , Taro Toyoizumi

Randomized Neural Networks explore the behavior of neural systems where the majority of connections are fixed, either in a stochastic or a deterministic fashion. Typical examples of such systems consist of multi-layered neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Claudio Gallicchio , Simone Scardapane

We show that a coherent network of lasers exhibits emergent neural computing capabilities. The proposed scheme is built on harnessing the collective behavior of laser networks for storing a number of phase patterns as stable fixed points of…

Optics · Physics 2022-04-06 Mohammad-Ali Miri , Vinod Menon

Deep neural networks have a good success record and are thus viewed as the best architecture choice for complex applications. Their main shortcoming has been, for a long time, the vanishing gradient which prevented the numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Bernhard Bermeitinger , Tomas Hrycej , Siegfried Handschuh

I introduce a novel associative memory model named Correlated Dense Associative Memory (CDAM), which integrates both auto- and hetero-association in a unified framework for continuous-valued memory patterns. Employing an arbitrary graph…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Thomas F Burns

Deep learning has been shown to achieve impressive results in several tasks where a large amount of training data is available. However, deep learning solely focuses on the accuracy of the predictions, neglecting the reasoning process…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Giuseppe Marra , Michelangelo Diligenti , Francesco Giannini , Marco Gori , Marco Maggini

Model-based methods and deep neural networks have both been tremendously successful paradigms in machine learning. In model-based methods, problem domain knowledge can be built into the constraints of the model, typically at the expense of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-11-21 John R. Hershey , Jonathan Le Roux , Felix Weninger

Drawing from memory the face of a friend you have not seen in years is a difficult task. However, if you happen to cross paths, you would easily recognize each other. The biological memory is equipped with an impressive compression…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-14 Rodrigo Simas , Luis Sa-Couto , Andreas Wichert

Sequential activation of neurons is a common feature of network activity during a variety of behaviors, including working memory and decision making. Previous network models for sequences and memory emphasized specialized architectures in…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-03-16 Kanaka Rajan , Christopher D Harvey , David W Tank

Modern Hopfield Neural Networks (HNNs), also known as Dense Associative Memories (DAMs), enhance the performance of simple recurrent neural networks by leveraging the nonlinearities in their energy functions. They have broad applications in…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-12 Khalid Musa , Santosh Kumar , Michael Katidis , Yu-Ping Huang

Several mechanisms to focus attention of a neural network on selected parts of its input or memory have been used successfully in deep learning models in recent years. Attention has improved image classification, image captioning, speech…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Łukasz Kaiser , Samy Bengio

Although the deep learning recognition model has been widely used in the condition monitoring of rotating machinery. However, it is still a challenge to understand the correspondence between the structure and function of the model and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Ruijun Wang , Yuan Liu , Zhixia Fan , Xiaogang Xu , Huijie Wang

Deep neural networks have recently been shown to achieve highly competitive performance in many computer vision tasks due to their abilities of exploring in a much larger hypothesis space. However, since most deep architectures like stacked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Zixiang Ding , Rui Xia , Jianfei Yu , Xiang Li , Jian Yang

Recently, research has increasingly focused on developing efficient neural network architectures. In this work, we explore logic gate networks for machine learning tasks by learning combinations of logic gates. These networks comprise logic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Felix Petersen , Christian Borgelt , Hilde Kuehne , Oliver Deussen

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), a widely used modeling framework for combinatorial optimization, are central to many scientific and engineering applications, yet remains computationally challenging at scale. Recent advances in deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Peixin Huang , Yaoxin Wu , Yining Ma , Cathy Wu , Wen Song , Wei Zhang

Efforts are underway to study ways via which the power of deep neural networks can be extended to non-standard data types such as structured data (e.g., graphs) or manifold-valued data (e.g., unit vectors or special matrices). Often,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Xingjian Zhen , Rudrasis Chakraborty , Nicholas Vogt , Barbara B. Bendlin , Vikas Singh

When someone mentions the name of a known person we immediately recall her face and possibly many other traits. This is because we possess the so-called associative memory, that is the ability to correlate different memories to the same…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2010-08-26 Yuriy V. Pershin , Massimiliano Di Ventra

A core challenge in the interpretation of deep neural networks is identifying commonalities between the underlying algorithms implemented by distinct networks trained for the same task. Motivated by this problem, we introduce DYNAMO, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Jordan Cotler , Kai Sheng Tai , Felipe Hernández , Blake Elias , David Sussillo

An old idea in optimization theory says that since the gradient is a dual vector it may not be subtracted from the weights without first being mapped to the primal space where the weights reside. We take this idea seriously in this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Jeremy Bernstein , Laker Newhouse