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This paper presents a hybrid Sequential Convex Programming (SCP) framework for solving the unbalanced three-phase AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem. The method combines a fixed McCormick outer approximation of bilinear voltage-current…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-04 Sary Yehia , Alessandra Parisio

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

Flexible transmission line impedances on one hand are a promising control resource for facilitating grid flexibility, but on the other hand add much complexity to the concerned optimization problems. This paper develops a convexification…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Yue Song , David J. Hill , Tao Liu , Tianlun Chen

In this paper, we consider the optimal power flow (OPF) problem which consists in determining the power production at each bus of an electric network by minimizing the production cost. Our contribution is an exact solution algorithm for the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-04 Amélie Lambert

This paper proposes a convex optimization based distributed algorithm to solve multi-period optimal gas-power flow (OGPF) in coupled energy distribution systems. At the gas distribution system side, the non-convex Weymouth gas flow…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-18 Cheng Wang , Wei Wei , Jianhui Wang , Linquan Bai , Yile Liang

The objective of this paper is to improve the accuracy and robustness of optimal power flow (OPF) formulations for distribution systems modeled down to the low-voltage point of connection of individual buildings. An approach for addressing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Dakota Hamilton , Loraine Navarro , Dionysios Aliprantis

We derive the branch ampacity constraint associated to power losses for the convex optimal power flow (OPF) model based on the branch flow formulation. The branch ampacity constraint derivation is motivated by the physical interpretation of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-05-14 Zhao Yuan , Mario Paolone

An in-depth analysis of linearized branch flow (LBF) model considering current injection and absolute value of impedance is proposed in this paper. The form of LBF model is based on two equations: the current injection to meet KCL and the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-28 Hanyang Lin , Xinwei Shen , Qinglai Guo , Hongbin Sun

Optimal power flow (OPF) is the fundamental mathematical model in power system operations. Improving the solution quality of OPF provide huge economic and engineering benefits. The convex reformulation of the original nonconvex alternating…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-02 Zhao Yuan

The recent rise of electricity generation based on renewable energy sources increases the demand for transmission capacity. Capacity expansion via the upgrade of transmission line capacity, e.g., by conversion to a high-voltage direct…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-01 Matthias Hotz , Wolfgang Utschick

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a valuable tool for power system operators, but it is a difficult problem to solve for large systems. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, especially Neural Networks-based (NN) optimization proxies, have emerged as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Rahul Nellikkath , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Direct-current microgrids (DC-MGs) can operate in either grid-connected or stand-alone mode. In particular, stand-alone DC-MG has many distinct applications. However, the optimal power flow problem of a stand-alone DC-MG is inherently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Jia Li , Feng Liu , Zhaojian Wang , Steven H Low , Shengwei Mei

High penetration of renewable energy sources and the increasing share of stochastic loads require the explicit representation of uncertainty in tools such as the optimal power flow (OPF). Current approaches follow either a linearized…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Andreas Venzke , Lejla Halilbasic , Uros Markovic , Gabriela Hug , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Typical formulations of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem rely on what is termed the "bus-branch" model, with network electrical behavior summarized in the Ybus admittance matrix. From a circuit perspective, this admittance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-06-06 Byungkwon Park , Jayanth Netha , Michael C. Ferris , Christopher L. DeMarco

We introduce a quadratically-constrained approximation (QCAC) of the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem. Unlike existing approximations like the DC-OPF, our model does not rely on typical assumptions such as high reactance-to-resistance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Gonzalo E. Constante-Flores , Can Li

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) is a key building block in many power system applications. It determines generator setpoints at minimal cost that meet the power demands while satisfying the underlying physical and operational…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-01 Minas Chatzos , Ferdinando Fioretto , Terrence W. K. Mak , Pascal Van Hentenryck

The feeder reconfiguration problem chooses the on/off status of the switches in a distribution network in order to minimize a certain cost such as power loss. It is a mixed integer nonlinear program and hence hard to solve. A popular…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-22 Qiuyu Peng , Steven H. Low

The Reactive Optimal Power Flow (ROPF) problem consists in computing an optimal power generation dispatch for an alternating current transmission network that respects power flow equations and operational constraints. Some means of action…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-26 Julie Sliwak , Miguel Anjos , Lucas Létocart , Emiliano Traversi

This paper proposes a hard-constrained unsupervised learning framework for rapidly solving the non-linear and non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem in real-time operation. Without requiring ground-truth AC-OPF solutions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-09 Kejun Chen , Bernard Knueven , Wesley Jones

Optimal power flow (OPF) is a very fundamental but vital optimization problem in the power system, which aims at solving a specific objective function (ex.: generator costs) while maintaining the system in the stable and safe operations. In…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-09 Yuhao Zhou , Bei Zhang , Chunlei Xu , Tu Lan , Ruisheng Diao , Di Shi , Zhiwei Wang , Wei-Jen Lee