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Quantum computers are on the brink of surpassing the capabilities of even the most powerful classical computers. This naturally raises the question of how one can trust the results of a quantum computer when they cannot be compared to…

Quantum measurements with feed-forward are crucial components of fault-tolerant quantum computers. We show how the error rate of such a measurement can be directly estimated by fitting the probability that successive randomly compiled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-04 Darian McLaren , Matthew A. Graydon , Ali Assem Mahmoud , Joel J. Wallman

We present an experimental procedure to determine the usefulness of a measurement scheme for quantum error correction (QEC). A QEC scheme typically requires the ability to prepare entangled states, to carry out multi-qubit measurements, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Gabrielle Denhez , Alexandre Blais , David Poulin

Quantum bits, or qubits, are the fundamental building blocks of present quantum computers. Hence, it is important to be able to characterize the state of a qubit as accurately as possible. By evaluating the qubit characterization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Bacui Li , Lorcan O. Conlon , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

We consider realistic measurement systems, where measurements are accompanied by decoherence processes. The aim of this work is the construction of methods and algorithms for precise quantum measurements with fidelity close to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Yu. I. Bogdanov , B. I. Bantysh , N. A. Bogdanova , A. B. Kvasnyy , V. F. Lukichev

Measuring the state of quantum computers is a highly non-trivial task, with implications for virtually all quantum algorithms. We propose a novel scheme where identical copies of a quantum state are measured jointly so that all Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Rick P. A. Simon , Zheng Shi , Charlie Nation , Andrew Jena , Luca Dellantonio

Quantum computers have enabled solving problems beyond the current computers' capabilities. However, this requires handling noise arising from unwanted interactions in these systems. Several protocols have been proposed to address efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Ali Shaib , Mohamad H. Naim , Mohammed E. Fouda , Rouwaida Kanj , Fadi Kurdahi

Quantum error correction (QEC) requires non-invasive measurements for fault tolerant quantum computing. Deviations from ideal quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements can disturb the encoded information. To address this challenge, we…

A quantum computer will use the properties of quantum physics to solve certain computational problems much faster than otherwise possible. One promising potential implementation is to use superconducting quantum bits in the circuit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-01 Matthew Reed

We derive a family of stochastic master equations describing homodyne measurement of multi-qubit diagonal observables in circuit quantum electrodynamics. In the regime where qubit decay can be neglected, our approach replaces the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-25 Ben Criger , Alessandro Ciani , David P. DiVincenzo

Quantum technology has been rapidly growing due to its potential revolutionary applications. In particular, superconducting qubits provide a strong light-matter interaction as required for quantum computation and in principle can be scaled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-23 Mahdi Naghiloo

Time-continuous quantum error correction, necessary to protect quantum information under time-dependent Hamiltonians, relies on weak continuous syndrome measurements. Implementing these measurements requires a continuous coupling among at…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Anton Halaski , Christiane P. Koch

Generalised quantum measurements go beyond the textbook concept of a projection onto an orthonormal basis in Hilbert space. They are not only of fundamental relevance but have also an important role in quantum information tasks. However, it…

Quantum measurements, alongside quantum states and processes, form a cornerstone of quantum information processing. However, unlike states and processes, their efficient characterisation remains relatively unexplored. We resolve this…

As the size and complexity of a quantum computer increases, quantum bit (qubit) characterization and gate optimization become complex and time-consuming tasks. Current calibration techniques require complicated and verbose measurements to…

With the recent surge of interest in quantum computation, it has become very important to develop clear experimental tests for ``quantum behavior'' in a system. This issue has been addressed in the past in the form of the inequalities due…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rusko Ruskov , Alexander N. Korotkov , Ari Mizel

Quantum metrology offers the potential to surpass its classical counterpart, pushing the boundaries of measurement precision toward the ultimate Heisenberg limit. This enhanced precision is normally attained by utilizing large squeezed…

Mechanical resonators are emerging as an important new platform for quantum science and technologies. A large number of proposals for using them to store, process, and transduce quantum information motivates the development of increasingly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-27 Uwe von Lüpke , Yu Yang , Marius Bild , Laurent Michaud , Matteo Fadel , Yiwen Chu

We theoretically describe the weak measurement of a two-level system (qubit) and quantify the degree to which such a qubit measurement has a quantum non-demolition (QND) character. The qubit is coupled to a harmonic oscillator which…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Luca Chirolli , Guido Burkard

Qudit, a high-dimensional quantum system, provides a larger Hilbert space to process the quantum information and has shown remarkable advantages over the qubit counterparts. It is a great challenge to realize the high fidelity universal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Zhe Meng , Wen-Qiang Liu , Bo-Wen Song , Xiao-Yun Wang , An-Ning Zhang , Zhang-Qi Yin