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We present a supervised neural network model for polyphonic piano music transcription. The architecture of the proposed model is analogous to speech recognition systems and comprises an acoustic model and a music language model. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-02-12 Siddharth Sigtia , Emmanouil Benetos , Simon Dixon

Advances in neural network design and the availability of large-scale labeled datasets have driven major improvements in piano transcription. Existing approaches target either offline applications, with no restrictions on computational…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-10 Patricia Hu , Silvan David Peter , Jan Schlüter , Gerhard Widmer

Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) -- the task of converting music audio into note representations -- has seen rapid progress, driven largely by deep learning systems. Due to the limited availability of richly annotated music datasets,…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Lukáš Samuel Marták , Patricia Hu , Gerhard Widmer

Automatic drum transcription, a subtask of the more general automatic music transcription, deals with extracting drum instrument note onsets from an audio source. Recently, progress in transcription performance has been made using…

Sound · Computer Science 2018-10-04 Richard Vogl , Gerhard Widmer , Peter Knees

We consider the problem of learning high-level controls over the global structure of generated sequences, particularly in the context of symbolic music generation with complex language models. In this work, we present the Transformer…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Kristy Choi , Curtis Hawthorne , Ian Simon , Monica Dinculescu , Jesse Engel

Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) has been recognized as a key enabling technology with a wide range of applications. Given the task's complexity, best results have typically been reported for systems focusing on specific settings, e.g.…

Many methods for automatic music transcription involves a multi-pitch estimation method that estimates an activity score for each pitch. A second processing step, called note segmentation, has to be performed for each pitch in order to…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-05-01 Dorian Cazau , Yuancheng Wang , Olivier Adam , Qiao Wang , Grégory Nuel

MIDI velocity is crucial for capturing expressive dynamics in human performances. In practical scenarios, a music score with inaccurate velocities may be available alongside the performance audio (e.g., music education and free online…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-03 Zhanhong He , Roberto Togneri , David Huang

Datasets are essential for any machine learning task. Automatic Music Transcription (AMT) is one such task, where considerable amount of data is required depending on the way the solution is achieved. Considering the fact that a music…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-28 S. Johanan Joysingh , P. Vijayalakshmi , T. Nagarajan

Automatic music transcription (AMT) is the task of transcribing audio recordings into symbolic representations. Recently, neural network-based methods have been applied to AMT, and have achieved state-of-the-art results. However, many…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Qiuqiang Kong , Bochen Li , Xuchen Song , Yuan Wan , Yuxuan Wang

Multitrack music transcription aims to transcribe a music audio input into the musical notes of multiple instruments simultaneously. It is a very challenging task that typically requires a more complex model to achieve satisfactory result.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Wei-Tsung Lu , Ju-Chiang Wang , Yun-Ning Hung

This paper describes a novel paradigm that formalizes automatic piano transcription (APT) as an optimal transport (OT) problem, not as a frame-level multi-label binary classification problem. Our method learns to minimize the cost of…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Weixing Wei , Raynaldi Lalang , Dichucheng Li , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

Automatic music transcription (AMT) is the problem of analyzing an audio recording of a musical piece and detecting notes that are being played. AMT is a challenging problem, particularly when it comes to polyphonic music. The goal of AMT…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yohannis Telila , Tommaso Cucinotta , Davide Bacciu

This paper describes an automatic drum transcription (ADT) method that directly estimates a tatum-level drum score from a music signal, in contrast to most conventional ADT methods that estimate the frame-level onset probabilities of drums.…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Ryoto Ishizuka , Ryo Nishikimi , Kazuyoshi Yoshii

We introduce the Latent Fourier Transform (LatentFT), a framework that provides novel frequency-domain controls for generative music models. LatentFT combines a diffusion autoencoder with a latent-space Fourier transform to separate musical…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mason Wang , Cheng-Zhi Anna Huang

Capturing intricate and subtle variations in human expressiveness in music performance using computational approaches is challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for reconstructing human expressiveness in piano performance…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Jingjing Tang , Geraint Wiggins , Gyorgy Fazekas

We explore a novel way of conceptualising the task of polyphonic music transcription, using so-called invertible neural networks. Invertible models unify both discriminative and generative aspects in one function, sharing one set of…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Rainer Kelz , Gerhard Widmer

A great number of deep learning based models have been recently proposed for automatic music composition. Among these models, the Transformer stands out as a prominent approach for generating expressive classical piano performance with a…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Yu-Siang Huang , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Automatic music transcription (AMT) is one of the most challenging tasks in the music information retrieval domain. It is the process of converting an audio recording of music into a symbolic representation containing information about the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Michał Leś , Michał Woźniak

Music transcription is the process of transcribing music audio into music notation. It is a field in which the machines still cannot beat human performance. The main motivation for automatic music transcription is to make it possible for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-25 Bojan Sofronievski , Branislav Gerazov